Correction and Retraction

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, published by Jayapangus Press, is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record across the humanities, social sciences, management, and related multidisciplinary fields.

The journal recognizes that concerns regarding published articles may arise from honest errors, methodological limitations, inaccurate information, unreliable findings, or potential violations of research and publication ethics.

This policy establishes procedures for addressing post-publication concerns through Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, in accordance with internationally recognized principles of responsible scholarly publishing, particularly the guidelines and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The policy applies to all articles published in Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, including Original Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Studies, and Literary Studies, regardless of their disciplinary or methodological approaches.

The primary purpose of these editorial actions is to maintain the integrity of published scholarly literature, provide accurate information to readers, and ensure transparency and accountability in the academic record.

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions are mechanisms for maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record and are not intended primarily as disciplinary sanctions against authors.

1. Corrections

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin may issue a correction when an error, omission, or inaccurate statement is identified in a published article, provided that the issue can be adequately corrected without fundamentally invalidating the article's principal findings, theoretical arguments, scholarly interpretations, or conclusions.

Corrections may be considered under the following circumstances:

a. Research Data and Analytical Errors

Errors in research data, calculations, statistical analyses, tables, figures, documentary evidence, or other supporting information that do not substantially undermine the validity of the article's principal findings or conclusions.

b. Inaccuracies in Research Findings and Interpretations

Inaccuracies in the presentation, explanation, or interpretation of research findings that can be corrected without fundamentally compromising the overall reliability or scholarly contribution of the article.

This includes correctable errors in empirical findings, historical interpretations, textual analyses, theoretical arguments, organizational assessments, or other disciplinary research outcomes.

c. Authorship, Affiliations, and Publication Information

Errors in author information, institutional affiliations, acknowledgments, funding statements, authorship attribution, or conflict-of-interest disclosures that require correction to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

Corrections involving authorship or attribution must comply with the journal's Authorship Criteria and applicable publication ethics requirements.

d. Citations, References, and Source Attribution

Incomplete or inaccurate citations, bibliographic references, quotations, source acknowledgments, or other attribution-related information that requires clarification or correction.

For research involving historical documents, religious literature, philosophical writings, cultural materials, legal provisions, institutional documents, or other primary sources, corrections must consider the relevant disciplinary context and scholarly citation requirements.

e. Other Substantive Scholarly Errors

Other identifiable errors or omissions affecting the accuracy, interpretation, transparency, or completeness of the published article that can be adequately addressed without requiring retraction.

Correction requests may be submitted by authors, editors, reviewers, readers, research institutions, or other concerned parties through the journal's official communication channels.

The editorial team evaluates each request and may require supporting evidence, clarification from the authors, examination of original research materials, or independent scholarly assessment before approving the correction.

When a substantive correction is warranted, the journal publishes a clearly identified Correction Notice explaining the nature of the error and the changes made.

The correction notice must be publicly accessible and electronically linked to the original published article wherever technically feasible.

Any substantive modification to a published article must be documented transparently. Changes affecting the scientific content, scholarly interpretation, authorship integrity, or reliability of published findings must not be made silently or in a manner that obscures the original publication record.

Minor typographical, formatting, or administrative errors that do not affect the interpretation, attribution, or scholarly integrity of an article may be corrected administratively, provided that appropriate editorial documentation and version control are maintained.

Substantive corrections necessary to preserve scientific accuracy, authorship integrity, ethical compliance, or the reliability of the scholarly record shall not incur additional fees, regardless of whether the errors originate from authors, editors, or the publisher.

Optional administrative modifications initiated by authors after publication are subject to the separate fee provisions established in Section 5 of this policy.

2. Expressions of Concern

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin may publish an Expression of Concern when credible and substantial questions arise regarding the reliability, validity, originality, or ethical integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify an immediate correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern may be issued under the following circumstances:

a. Unresolved Allegations of Research Misconduct

Credible allegations of research or publication misconduct have been reported, but the investigation has not yet reached a sufficiently conclusive outcome.

b. Significant Concerns Regarding Scholarly Reliability

Substantial concerns involving research data, methodological procedures, analytical interpretations, originality, authorship, research ethics, or publication integrity remain unresolved.

c. Ongoing Investigations

An investigation conducted by the journal, an author's institution, a research organization, or another competent authority is ongoing and requires additional time to establish the relevant facts.

d. Insufficient Cooperation or Supporting Information

Relevant institutions or individuals are unable or unwilling to provide information necessary to resolve substantial concerns about the reliability or ethical integrity of a published article.

e. Inconclusive Evidence

Available evidence raises serious doubts about the accuracy, reliability, or integrity of an article but does not yet provide a sufficient basis for a definitive editorial decision.

An Expression of Concern is intended to inform readers about unresolved questions concerning a publication.

An Expression of Concern does not constitute a final determination of research misconduct or automatically indicate that the article must be retracted.

The notice must clearly identify the article concerned, explain the nature of the concerns to the extent supported by the available evidence, and indicate whether further investigation is ongoing.

Expressions of Concern must be clearly labeled, publicly accessible, and permanently linked to the relevant published articles wherever technically feasible.

When additional evidence becomes available, the editorial team will reassess the case and determine whether a correction, retraction, updated notice, or another appropriate editorial action is necessary.

The journal will ensure that the outcome of the investigation is communicated transparently and that the publication record accurately reflects the final editorial determination.

The issuance, publication, and necessary updating of Expressions of Concern shall not incur additional fees.

3. Retractions

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin may retract a published article when sufficient evidence demonstrates that its principal findings, conclusions, scholarly reliability, or publication integrity have been fundamentally compromised, or when serious research or publication ethics violations make continued reliance on the article inappropriate.

Retraction may be considered under the following circumstances:

a. Unreliable Research Findings

The article contains substantial errors, fabricated or falsified data, fundamentally flawed analytical procedures, or other serious problems that invalidate its principal findings or conclusions, whether resulting from research misconduct or honest error.

Such concerns may involve empirical data, historical evidence, textual interpretations, theoretical investigations, statistical analyses, organizational records, financial information, or other scholarly materials relevant to the journal's Focus and Scope.

b. Plagiarism and Intellectual Property Violations

The article contains substantial unattributed use of another person's ideas, text, data, figures, theoretical arguments, scholarly interpretations, or other intellectual contributions, and the identified violations are sufficiently serious to warrant retraction rather than correction.

c. Duplicate or Redundant Publication

The article substantially duplicates previously published scholarly work without appropriate disclosure, acknowledgment, permission where required, or sufficient academic justification.

This includes inappropriate republication of substantially identical research findings, theoretical arguments, textual analyses, or scholarly contributions.

d. Research Ethics Violations

The research involves serious ethical violations, including unauthorized use of confidential information, inappropriate handling of personal data, failure to obtain required ethical approval, violations of informed consent, or other practices that significantly compromise research integrity.

For studies involving cultural heritage, religious traditions, indigenous knowledge, historical materials, or sensitive community information, relevant ethical, legal, and disciplinary requirements must be considered.

e. Manipulation of the Publication Process

The article is associated with fabricated peer-review information, manipulated reviewer identities, fraudulent authorship, inappropriate editorial interference, or other serious violations affecting the independence and integrity of the publication process.

f. Serious Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest

Evidence establishes that an undisclosed financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other relevant conflict of interest has substantially compromised the research, its interpretation, or the integrity of the publication process.

The existence of an undisclosed conflict of interest does not automatically justify retraction unless the circumstances meet the applicable retraction criteria.

g. Other Serious Research Integrity Concerns

The article contains substantial inaccuracies, misrepresentations, unauthorized intellectual materials, or other serious deficiencies that cannot be adequately addressed through correction and materially undermine the reliability or integrity of the scholarly record.

Retraction decisions must be based on sufficient evidence, appropriate investigation, and a thorough editorial assessment.

The journal distinguishes between honest research errors, legitimate scholarly disagreements, differences in disciplinary interpretation, and substantiated research misconduct.

Differences in theoretical perspectives, philosophical interpretations, religious beliefs, historical analyses, methodological approaches, or scholarly opinions do not independently constitute grounds for retraction.

For articles involving literary texts, historical sources, philosophical arguments, religious literature, cultural studies, social phenomena, public policy, or management research, the editorial team must consider the relevant disciplinary methodologies and academic context before determining whether the identified problems justify retraction.

When retraction is warranted, Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin will publish a formal Retraction Notice that:

a. Clearly identifies the retracted article, including its title, authors, publication details, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI), where available.

b. States the reasons for retraction clearly, accurately, objectively, and with sufficient supporting information.

c. Identifies the party or editorial authority responsible for issuing the retraction.

d. Is freely accessible and electronically linked to the original published article.

e. Ensures that the retracted article is prominently identified as "RETRACTED" in its online publication record and downloadable versions.

f. Preserves the article's bibliographic record and publication history to ensure transparency and accountability.

g. Distinguishes between honest errors and substantiated misconduct when the available evidence supports such a distinction.

h. Avoids unsupported allegations, speculative statements, or unnecessary disclosure of confidential information.

Retracted articles will normally remain accessible as part of the permanent scholarly record, accompanied by clear notices indicating their retracted status.

Complete removal of published content will be considered only under exceptional circumstances, including legal requirements, serious privacy violations, or substantial risks arising from continued public accessibility.

Where removal is unavoidable, the journal will preserve an appropriate bibliographic record and public notice whenever legally and technically permissible.

Retraction is an editorial mechanism for correcting the scholarly record and must not be used solely as a disciplinary sanction against authors.

Retractions, Retraction Notices, and necessary updates to publication records shall not incur additional fees.

4. Procedures and Responsibilities

The editorial team of Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin is responsible for implementing this policy fairly, independently, consistently, transparently, and in accordance with established publication ethics standards.

The procedures for handling corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions are as follows:

a. Reporting and Initial Assessment

Concerns regarding published articles may be reported by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other relevant parties through the journal's official communication channels.

Reports should identify the article concerned, describe the alleged error or research-integrity issue, and provide relevant supporting evidence where available.

The Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor conducts an initial assessment to determine whether the reported concerns warrant clarification, further investigation, or immediate editorial consideration.

b. Investigation and Verification

When further examination is necessary, the editorial team may request explanations or supporting documentation from the authors, consult independent academic experts, examine original research materials where appropriate, or communicate with relevant institutions.

Investigations must consider the available evidence, the seriousness of the concern, its disciplinary context, and its potential impact on the reliability and integrity of the published article.

The editorial team must distinguish between correctable inaccuracies, legitimate differences in scholarly interpretation, honest errors, and serious research or publication misconduct.

Investigations must be conducted objectively and with appropriate confidentiality.

c. Authors' Right to Respond

Authors must be given a fair and reasonable opportunity to respond to substantive concerns, provide relevant evidence, and clarify the circumstances surrounding the reported issue.

The editorial team will consider the authors' responses before reaching a final decision, where reasonably practicable.

However, failure to obtain an author response must not indefinitely prevent necessary editorial action when sufficient evidence establishes that a published article is unreliable or seriously compromised.

d. Editorial Decision-Making

The final decision to issue a correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction rests with the Editor-in-Chief or a designated independent editor acting under the journal's established editorial authority.

Decisions must be based on documented evidence, relevant academic standards, publication ethics principles, and the potential impact of the identified issue on the scholarly record.

Editors with actual, potential, or reasonably perceived conflicts of interest must not participate in the assessment or final decision concerning the relevant article.

When the Editor-in-Chief has a relevant conflict of interest, responsibility must be delegated to an appropriately qualified independent editor.

The publisher, Jayapangus Press, may provide technical, administrative, and procedural support while respecting the journal's editorial independence.

Editorial decisions concerning scholarly corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions must remain independent of financial considerations.

e. Publication and Documentation

Approved editorial notices must be published promptly, clearly labeled, and electronically linked to the relevant articles wherever technically feasible.

The journal will maintain appropriate records of reports, investigations, correspondence, editorial decisions, and resulting publication actions.

Where applicable and technically supported, article metadata and publication status will be updated through DOI registration services, indexing databases, and other relevant scholarly publishing infrastructures.

The journal will ensure that formal corrective notices remain accessible and that readers can identify the current status of affected publications.

Substantive corrections must be documented transparently and must not obscure or replace the original publication record without appropriate explanation.

f. Relationship With Research Misconduct Policies

Allegations involving plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, authorship manipulation, peer-review manipulation, inappropriate use of artificial intelligence, or other violations of research and publication ethics are handled in accordance with the journal's Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy, Screening for Plagiarism Policy, Authorship Criteria, Conflict of Interest Policy, and Publication Ethics.

Any disciplinary measures or restrictions imposed on authors in response to confirmed misconduct must be determined through fair, evidence-based, and proportionate procedures.

Such measures are separate from the editorial decision to correct or retract a publication.

Author responsibility must be assessed according to the available evidence rather than automatically imposing identical sanctions on all co-authors.

g. Financial Independence and Administrative Modifications

Necessary scholarly corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions must be implemented without additional fees.

The journal distinguishes these corrective actions from optional administrative modifications requested by authors after publication.

In accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics, an additional fee of IDR 1,000,000 per approved request applies exclusively to author-initiated, nonessential administrative modifications after publication that require additional editorial, technical, or production work.

These modifications may include optional changes to nonessential publication metadata, contact information, or other administrative details that do not affect scientific content, accuracy, authorship integrity, or scholarly validity.

All requests are subject to editorial evaluation and approval.

The editorial team determines whether a requested change constitutes a necessary scholarly correction or an optional administrative modification.

Authors must be informed of any applicable administrative fees before the requested modifications are implemented.

No administrative modification fees shall be imposed for corrective actions required to preserve scientific accuracy, research integrity, authorship integrity, ethical compliance, or the reliability of the scholarly record.

h. Compliance With International Publication Ethics Standards

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin follows internationally recognized principles of responsible scholarly publishing, particularly the relevant guidelines and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) concerning corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions, and research integrity.

The journal is committed to protecting the scholarly record, respecting the rights of authors and readers, ensuring editorial accountability, and maintaining fair and transparent post-publication procedures.

This policy will be periodically reviewed and updated to remain consistent with developments in scholarly publishing standards and the journal's established editorial policies.

5. Post-Publication Administrative Modification Fees

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin distinguishes between necessary scholarly corrections and optional administrative modifications initiated by authors after publication.

a. Necessary Scholarly Corrections

No fees shall be imposed for substantive corrections, Expressions of Concern, or retractions required to preserve scientific accuracy, research integrity, ethical compliance, authorship integrity, or the reliability of the scholarly record.

This provision applies regardless of whether the identified errors or publication-integrity concerns originate from authors, editors, reviewers, or the publisher.

Necessary corrective actions include:

1) Corrections of significant factual inaccuracies, methodological errors, or data inconsistencies.

2) Corrections of inaccurate research findings or interpretations that require formal clarification.

3) Corrections of authorship or attribution errors affecting scholarly integrity.

4) Corrections of significant citation, acknowledgment, or disclosure errors.

5) Corrections resulting from errors attributable to the journal or publisher.

6) Publication of Expressions of Concern or Retraction Notices.

7) Necessary updates to DOI metadata, publication status, or indexing information associated with scholarly corrections or retractions.

These actions must be processed without additional charges and must not be delayed or conditioned upon payment.

b. Optional Administrative Modifications

In accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics, the following provision applies:

An additional fee of IDR 1,000,000 per approved request applies exclusively to author-initiated, nonessential administrative modifications after publication that require additional editorial, technical, or production work.

These may include optional changes to nonessential publication metadata, contact information, or other administrative details that do not affect the scientific content, accuracy, authorship integrity, or scholarly validity of the published article.

The fee applies only when all the following conditions are satisfied:

1) The request is initiated by an author after the article has been officially published.

2) The requested modification is administrative and nonessential.

3) The modification does not affect scientific content, research accuracy, authorship integrity, or scholarly validity.

4) The requested change requires additional editorial, technical, or production work.

5) The editorial team has evaluated and approved the request.

The administrative modification fee is IDR 1,000,000 per approved request.

Payment does not automatically guarantee approval of a modification request or authorize changes beyond those approved by the editorial team.

c. Editorial Classification and Approval

All post-publication correction and administrative modification requests must undergo editorial evaluation.

The editorial team determines whether each request constitutes:

1) A Necessary Scholarly Correction: A modification required to maintain the scientific accuracy, ethical integrity, authorship integrity, or reliability of the published article. Such corrections are processed without additional fees.

2) An Optional Administrative Modification: A nonessential, author-initiated change that does not affect scholarly integrity and requires additional editorial, technical, or production work. Such modifications are subject to the administrative fee of IDR 1,000,000 per approved request.

Authors must be informed of the classification of their requests and any applicable administrative fees before implementation.

Requests involving significant errors, authorship integrity, research accuracy, or scholarly reliability must not be classified as optional administrative modifications merely because they involve publication metadata.

d. Financial Independence

Editorial decisions concerning corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions must remain independent of financial considerations.

Payment or nonpayment of publication charges or administrative modification fees must not influence the investigation, evaluation, or implementation of necessary corrective actions.

Administrative modification fees shall never be imposed on necessary scholarly corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions, or other actions required to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

These provisions must be implemented consistently with the journal's Publication Ethics, Retraction Policy, Authorship Criteria, and Allegations of Research Misconduct Policy.

6. Commitment to Scholarly Integrity

Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin recognizes that maintaining the reliability of scholarly publications requires transparent correction procedures, responsible editorial oversight, and appropriate responses to credible research-integrity concerns.

The journal is committed to implementing corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions fairly, objectively, consistently, and in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics principles.

All editorial actions must prioritize the accuracy of the scholarly record, the protection of intellectual contributions, the rights of authors and readers, and public confidence in academic publishing.

The journal maintains a clear distinction between necessary scholarly corrections and optional administrative modifications after publication.

Necessary scholarly corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions shall not incur additional fees, while an administrative modification fee of IDR 1,000,000 per approved request applies exclusively to author-initiated, nonessential administrative changes requiring additional editorial, technical, or production work.

Through this policy, Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin seeks to uphold scholarly accountability, transparent editorial practices, and the responsible dissemination of reliable academic knowledge across the humanities, social sciences, management, and related multidisciplinary fields.