1. General Author Guidelines

Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora is a scholarly journal dedicated to advancing knowledge, critical inquiry, and academic discourse in the Social Sciences and Humanities. The journal publishes original empirical research, theoretical investigations, and critical scholarly analyses that contribute to understanding social phenomena, human behavior, institutions, governance, economic activities, historical developments, cultural practices, and contemporary issues affecting individuals and societies.

The journal's Focus and Scope encompass Social Sciences, Sociology, Political Science, Politics, Accounting, Auditing, Economics, Geography, History, Public Administration, Public Policy, Tourism, Culture and Society, Culture and Language, Multiculturalism, and other closely related interdisciplinary fields within the Social Sciences and Humanities.

The journal particularly welcomes manuscripts that offer original findings, theoretical advancements, critical interpretations, or evidence-based insights into social structures, institutional dynamics, economic and political developments, cultural transformations, and human experiences.

All authors must comply with the following requirements:

a. Manuscripts must be written in Indonesian or English, represent original scholarly work, and must not have been previously published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere.

b. Manuscripts must demonstrate clear relevance to the journal's Focus and Scope and provide meaningful contributions to Social Sciences and Humanities. Interdisciplinary studies are welcome when their research objectives, analytical perspectives, and scholarly contributions are directly connected to the journal's disciplinary coverage.

c. The journal primarily accepts Original Research Articles and Review Articles. In addition, Case Studies and Literary Studies may be considered on a limited and selective basis, provided that they demonstrate substantial scholarly contributions to Social Sciences and Humanities.

d. All manuscripts must follow the IMRAD structure, consisting of Introduction, Method, an integrated Results and Discussion section, Conclusions, and References. Research findings must be presented together with their scholarly interpretation and discussion rather than separating the results and discussion into different sections.

e. Authors must prepare manuscripts according to the journal's official article template, formatting requirements, citation style, and publication ethics policies.

f. Manuscripts must not exceed 8,000 words, excluding the reference list, table contents, and figures. The word count includes the abstract, main text, footnotes, and table and figure captions.

g. Manuscripts must demonstrate originality, appropriate acknowledgment of sources, sound academic argumentation, methodological rigor, and compliance with publication ethics. All submissions undergo initial similarity screening using Turnitin in accordance with the journal's plagiarism screening requirements.

h. Authors must register and submit manuscripts through the journal's official online submission system.

i. All submissions undergo initial editorial screening and, when appropriate, independent peer review under the journal's single-blind peer-review system.

j. Final publication decisions are based on scholarly merit, methodological rigor, relevance to the journal's Focus and Scope, ethical compliance, and satisfactory completion of the editorial and peer-review processes.

2. Types of Manuscripts

a. Original Research Articles

Original Research Articles present original empirical findings, theoretical investigations, or scholarly analyses that contribute to the development of knowledge in Social Sciences and Humanities.

Research topics may include social relationships, social institutions, political behavior, governance, public administration, public policy, economic activities, accounting and auditing practices, geographical and historical developments, tourism, cultural identities, language practices, multiculturalism, and other relevant social and humanities phenomena.

These manuscripts may employ qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, historical, comparative, sociological, ethnographic, phenomenological, philosophical, interpretative, textual, or other academically recognized research approaches appropriate to the research objectives.

Authors must clearly explain the research problem, objectives, methodological procedures, data sources, principal findings, and original scholarly contributions.

Original Research Articles must demonstrate analytical depth and contribute new empirical evidence, conceptual understanding, theoretical perspectives, methodological insights, or practical implications relevant to Social Sciences and Humanities.

b. Review Articles

Review Articles provide critical and comprehensive examinations of existing scholarly literature relevant to Social Sciences and Humanities.

The journal considers narrative reviews, systematic literature reviews, scoping reviews, integrative literature reviews, and other academically recognized forms of literature review.

Review Articles may examine theoretical developments, research trends, methodological approaches, empirical findings, or scholarly debates in sociology, political science, economics, accounting, public administration, history, geography, tourism, cultural studies, language, multiculturalism, and related disciplines.

Review Articles must provide original scholarly synthesis, identify significant research gaps, evaluate theoretical or methodological developments, and contribute meaningful academic insights.

Authors must explain the literature identification, selection, evaluation, and synthesis procedures according to the review design employed.

Review Articles must not merely summarize previous publications. They must demonstrate critical analysis, conceptual integration, and original scholarly contributions.

All Review Articles must follow the journal's IMRAD structure, with literature review findings and their critical discussion presented together.

c. Case Studies

Case Studies present systematic and in-depth investigations of specific social, political, economic, historical, cultural, institutional, administrative, organizational, or community-based phenomena.

Relevant cases may involve public institutions, government programs, social organizations, community development, public policy implementation, economic institutions, tourism development, social conflicts, cultural transformation, or other phenomena within Social Sciences and Humanities.

These manuscripts must explain the case selection, research context, data sources, methodological procedures, findings, and broader scholarly implications.

Case Studies must demonstrate analytical contributions beyond descriptive accounts by connecting case-specific findings with relevant theoretical perspectives, previous research, or broader social and humanities issues.

Case Studies must follow the journal's integrated IMRAD structure.

Case Studies are accepted on a limited and selective basis, subject to editorial assessment and their demonstrated relevance to the journal's Focus and Scope.

d. Literary Studies

Literary Studies present original scholarly analyses of literary works, traditional narratives, regional literature, manuscripts, oral traditions, or other textual materials relevant to Social Sciences and Humanities.

These studies should examine literature as a medium for understanding social realities, historical experiences, cultural identities, political representations, language practices, collective memory, social values, multiculturalism, or human experiences.

Appropriate approaches include literary criticism, sociology of literature, cultural studies, hermeneutics, philology, semiotics, structural analysis, discourse analysis, intertextual analysis, and other relevant interpretative methodologies.

Literary Studies must demonstrate analytical originality, theoretical relevance, methodological rigor, and meaningful scholarly contributions to the understanding of social and humanities phenomena.

Studies focusing on religious or traditional literary texts may be considered when their primary analytical contributions concern social, historical, cultural, linguistic, or other humanities dimensions relevant to the journal's scope.

Manuscripts limited to descriptive literary summaries or theological interpretations without clear contributions to Social Sciences and Humanities are not considered sufficient.

All Literary Studies must follow the IMRAD structure, integrating textual findings with their critical interpretation and scholarly discussion.

Literary Studies are accepted on a limited and selective basis.

3. Structure of Manuscripts

a. Title

The title must be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the research subject, problem, or phenomenon investigated.

The title must not exceed 20 words and should avoid unnecessary abbreviations, ambiguous terminology, or overly general expressions.

The title should clearly represent the principal analytical focus of the manuscript and demonstrate its relevance to Social Sciences and Humanities.

b. Authors' Names and Affiliations

The manuscript must include the authors' full names, institutional affiliations, institutional addresses, and email addresses.

Academic degrees, professional titles, and job positions must not be included in author names.

The corresponding author must be clearly identified.

c. Abstract

The abstract must be written as a single paragraph of no more than 250 words and must clearly contain the following five essential components:

1) Background: A brief explanation of the research context, significance of the social or humanities problem, and relevant scholarly background.

2) Research Objectives: A clear statement of the research objectives or questions addressed in the study.

3) Methods: A concise explanation of the research type, approach, data sources, and principal analytical procedures.

4) Results: A clear and substantive presentation of the principal research findings, including the most important empirical, theoretical, historical, social, cultural, economic, political, or analytical contributions.

5) Conclusions: A meaningful synthesis of the principal findings, their academic significance, and the study's original contribution to Social Sciences and Humanities.

The abstract must place greater emphasis on the Results and Conclusions than on the Background and Methods. The Results and Conclusions should constitute the most substantial portion of the abstract.

The abstract must not merely describe research activities or methodological procedures. It must explicitly communicate what the study discovered and what can be concluded from those findings.

For Review Articles, the abstract must emphasize the principal findings of the literature synthesis, significant research gaps, theoretical or methodological developments, and main scholarly conclusions.

For Case Studies, the abstract must highlight the principal case findings, their interpretation, and their broader implications for understanding relevant social or humanities phenomena.

For Literary Studies, the abstract must clearly identify the principal textual or interpretative findings and explain their social, historical, cultural, linguistic, or literary significance.

The abstract must be self-contained, academically precise, and consistent with the manuscript's content. It must not contain citations, unsupported claims, or unnecessary abbreviations.

d. Keywords

Authors must provide three to five keywords that accurately represent the principal concepts, research subject, methodology, or disciplinary contribution.

Keywords should reflect established terminology in Social Sciences and Humanities and facilitate the discoverability of the manuscript in scholarly databases.

Keywords should generally be written in lowercase, except for proper names.

e. Introduction

The Introduction must provide a clear scholarly foundation for the research and establish its relevance to Social Sciences and Humanities.

It should include the research background, significance of the problem, relevant previous studies, identified research gap, research objectives, and expected scholarly contribution.

Authors must critically engage with relevant academic literature rather than merely presenting descriptive information, general observations, or unsupported statements.

The Introduction must explain why the investigated phenomenon is academically important and how the study contributes to understanding relevant social, political, economic, historical, institutional, cultural, or humanities issues.

The Introduction must fulfill the following requirements according to manuscript type:

1) Original Research Articles: Clearly establish the research problem, scholarly significance, relevant theoretical or conceptual perspectives, research gap, and objectives.

2) Review Articles: Explain the rationale for conducting the literature review, limitations of existing scholarship, research questions, and expected contribution of the synthesis.

3) Case Studies: Establish the significance of the investigated case, its relevant social or institutional context, research gap, and broader scholarly implications.

4) Literary Studies: Identify the literary work or textual tradition examined, explain its social, historical, cultural, or linguistic significance, review previous studies, identify interpretative gaps, and state the objectives of the analysis.

All theoretical concepts and technical terminology must be clearly defined where necessary.

f. Method

The Method section must be written in a single coherent paragraph, using clear, concise, and operational academic language, without in-text citations or theoretical quotations.

The Method section must explain the procedures actually implemented in the study rather than merely presenting definitions, general methodological theories, or descriptions of research methods.

At a minimum, the methodological description must address the following components, as applicable to the research design:

1) Research Type: Identify the type of research conducted, such as qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, literature review, case study, historical research, or literary research.

2) Research Approach: Explain the specific approach employed, such as sociological, phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, comparative, political, economic, descriptive-analytical, hermeneutic, discourse-analytical, or another relevant approach.

3) Data Sources: Identify the primary and secondary data sources, research participants, institutional records, statistical data, policy documents, historical archives, books, journal articles, literary texts, or other materials actually examined.

4) Informant or Sample Selection Techniques: Explain the procedures used to select research informants, participants, samples, cases, documents, or other units of analysis, including relevant selection criteria and sampling techniques.

5) Research Instruments: Describe the instruments used to obtain or analyze data, such as interview guides, observation sheets, questionnaires, documentation instruments, statistical measurement tools, analytical matrices, or other relevant instruments.

6) Data Collection Techniques: Explain the actual procedures used to collect, identify, select, measure, observe, or document research data and materials.

7) Data Analysis Techniques: Describe the procedures used to organize, reduce, classify, interpret, compare, synthesize, verify, or statistically analyze the collected data.

The presentation of these components must be integrated into one paragraph without separate methodological subsections or numbered lists in the manuscript.

The methodological description must be sufficiently specific to demonstrate how the research was conducted and how the findings were obtained.

Additional Requirements Based on Manuscript Type

1) Original Research Articles

The Method section must operationally describe the research design, setting where relevant, data sources, informant or sample selection, research instruments, data collection procedures, and analytical techniques.

Qualitative studies should clearly explain the procedures used to obtain and interpret relevant social or humanities data.

Quantitative studies should explain the variables, measurement instruments, sampling procedures, data collection techniques, and statistical analyses employed.

Mixed-methods studies should explain how qualitative and quantitative procedures were implemented and integrated to address the research objectives.

Historical and documentary studies should explain the selection, evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of relevant sources.

2) Review Articles

The Method section must explain the type of literature review, sources or academic databases used, literature search and selection procedures, inclusion and exclusion criteria where applicable, analytical instruments or frameworks, and techniques used to synthesize the selected literature.

Review Articles are not required to include research informants when the study relies exclusively on published literature. Instead, authors must explain the selection procedures for the reviewed publications.

3) Case Studies

The Method section must describe the case study design, case selection criteria, research context, data sources, informant selection procedures when applicable, research instruments, data collection techniques, and analytical procedures.

The methodological explanation must demonstrate how the investigated case was examined systematically and how the findings can contribute to broader academic understanding.

4) Literary Studies

The Method section must describe the type of literary research, analytical approach, primary literary texts, secondary scholarly sources, procedures for selecting textual materials, research instruments or analytical frameworks, textual data collection procedures, and techniques for literary interpretation.

The analysis should explain how literary materials are examined to identify social representations, historical meanings, cultural identities, linguistic characteristics, or other humanities-related dimensions.

Literary Studies based exclusively on textual or library research are not required to include informants or field research instruments. Authors must instead explain the selection of literary sources and the operational procedures used to analyze the texts.

All manuscript types must present the Method section in one paragraph without citations. Methodological requirements that do not apply to a particular research design must not be artificially included.

g. Results and Discussion

The Results and Discussion section must present research findings and scholarly interpretation in an integrated, systematic, and critical manner.

Each research finding must be directly followed by its analysis and discussion within the same subsection or sequence of paragraphs.

Authors must not separate research findings and discussion into different sections or subsections.

Subheadings may be organized according to research themes, principal findings, analytical categories, social phenomena, theoretical perspectives, or research questions. Each subheading must contain both the relevant findings and their scholarly discussion.

The discussion must demonstrate how the findings contribute to understanding social structures, human behavior, political and economic developments, institutional practices, historical processes, cultural phenomena, or other issues within Social Sciences and Humanities.

1) Original Research Articles

Authors must:

a) Present the principal research findings supported by relevant empirical, statistical, documentary, historical, textual, or theoretical evidence.

b) Immediately interpret the significance of each finding in relation to the research objectives.

c) Compare each finding with relevant previous studies and appropriate theoretical or conceptual frameworks.

d) Explain agreements, differences, inconsistencies, or new contributions to existing knowledge.

e) Discuss the theoretical, methodological, social, economic, political, institutional, cultural, or practical implications of the findings, as appropriate to the research subject.

f) Demonstrate the original contribution of the findings to the advancement of Social Sciences and Humanities.

The Results and Discussion section must move beyond the presentation of descriptive data by offering critical interpretation and substantive scholarly arguments.

2) Review Articles

The Results and Discussion section must integrate the principal findings of the literature review with critical analysis and scholarly synthesis.

Authors must:

a) Present findings according to relevant research themes, conceptual categories, theoretical developments, or methodological trends.

b) Immediately compare and critically analyze the findings of previous studies.

c) Identify agreements, differences, inconsistencies, significant scholarly developments, and emerging research perspectives.

d) Discuss research gaps, theoretical implications, methodological limitations, and unresolved scholarly debates.

e) Present an original synthesis that contributes to the advancement of Social Sciences and Humanities.

Review Articles must not consist solely of summaries of previous publications. Each identified theme or finding must be accompanied by substantial critical discussion.

3) Case Studies

Authors must:

a) Present the principal case findings supported by credible empirical, documentary, institutional, historical, or social evidence.

b) Immediately interpret the findings within their relevant social, political, economic, historical, cultural, organizational, or institutional contexts.

c) Compare the findings with appropriate theoretical frameworks and previous research.

d) Identify the distinctive characteristics of the investigated case and explain their academic significance.

e) Discuss the broader scholarly implications of the investigated case for understanding comparable phenomena, institutional practices, social processes, or theoretical issues.

Case Studies must demonstrate analytical depth and should not be limited to chronological descriptions, institutional profiles, or factual accounts without critical interpretation.

4) Literary Studies

Authors must:

a) Present the principal textual findings supported by relevant literary passages, quotations, translations, or references to primary literary sources.

b) Immediately interpret each finding using appropriate literary, sociological, historical, cultural, hermeneutic, semiotic, discourse-analytical, or other relevant approaches.

c) Explain the social, historical, cultural, linguistic, political, ethical, or literary significance of the findings.

d) Compare the interpretations with previous scholarly studies and relevant conceptual frameworks.

e) Demonstrate how the textual analysis contributes to understanding social realities, cultural identities, historical experiences, language practices, or other humanities-related phenomena.

f) Demonstrate the original scholarly contribution of the literary analysis to Social Sciences and Humanities.

Literary Studies must not merely retell narratives, summarize literary texts, or reproduce quotations without critical interpretation.

All manuscript types must integrate findings and discussion under a single Results and Discussion section. Separate subsections exclusively titled "Results" and "Discussion" are not permitted.

h. Conclusions

The Conclusions section must directly answer the research objectives and provide a concise but substantive synthesis of the principal findings.

Conclusions must emphasize the study's original scholarly contributions and their relevance to Social Sciences and Humanities.

The conclusions must reflect the characteristics of each manuscript type:

1) Original Research Articles: Summarize the principal research findings and their theoretical, empirical, methodological, or practical contributions to understanding relevant social and humanities phenomena.

2) Review Articles: Present the principal insights from the literature synthesis, significant research gaps, theoretical or conceptual contributions, and relevant implications for future scholarship.

3) Case Studies: Explain the main findings of the investigated case and their broader theoretical, institutional, social, cultural, or practical significance.

4) Literary Studies: Summarize the principal textual interpretations and their significance for understanding literary traditions, social representations, historical experiences, cultural identities, language practices, or other relevant humanities dimensions.

The Conclusions section must not merely repeat the abstract or Results and Discussion, introduce new findings, or include unsupported claims.

i. References

All manuscripts must comply with the following reference requirements:

1) Minimum Number of References

Each manuscript must include at least 20 references that are relevant to the research subject and directly support the scholarly arguments presented in the article.

References must be academically relevant to the disciplinary perspectives, theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches, and research findings discussed in the manuscript.

2) Minimum Proportion of Journal Articles

At least 80% of the references must consist of scholarly journal articles.

For example, a manuscript containing 20 references must include at least 16 journal articles. The remaining references may consist of relevant academic books.

Authors are encouraged to prioritize recent journal articles, particularly those published within the preceding five years, while allowing relevant foundational scholarly works where necessary.

3) Permitted Reference Sources

Only scholarly journal articles and books are permitted in the reference list.

References originating from websites, blogs, newspapers, magazines, conference proceedings not published as journal articles or books, unpublished theses or dissertations, unpublished reports, presentations, and other sources outside the permitted categories must be removed from the reference list.

For historical, documentary, cultural, and literary studies, primary textual materials should be documented using eligible published book editions or scholarly journal publications wherever applicable.

Statistical datasets, archival materials, policy documents, institutional records, and other primary research materials may be identified and described as data sources in the Method section when relevant to the research design. Their use as research data does not remove the requirement to comply with the journal's permitted reference categories.

4) Citation and Reference Style

All references must follow the American Psychological Association (APA) Sixth Edition citation and referencing style.

Authors must follow the bibliographic formatting examples provided in the official journal article template.

5) Book References

All book references must include the city of publication and the publisher's name, in accordance with APA Sixth Edition requirements.

The bibliographic information must be complete, accurate, and consistent with the cited publication.

6) Consistency Between Citations and References

Every reference listed in the References section must be cited in the main text of the manuscript.

Conversely, every in-text citation to a journal article or book must correspond accurately to an entry in the reference list.

References that are not cited in the manuscript must be removed.

Authors must ensure consistency between author names, publication years, titles, and other bibliographic information appearing in in-text citations and reference entries.

7) Reference Accuracy and Management

Authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy, relevance, completeness, and authenticity of all cited publications.

Reference management applications such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote are recommended to maintain citation consistency and minimize bibliographic errors.

Manuscripts that do not meet the minimum reference requirements, permitted source categories, or APA Sixth Edition formatting standards may be returned to authors for revision during the initial editorial screening.

4. Manuscript Preparation and Submission

a. All manuscripts must be prepared using the official Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora article template and submitted through the journal's online submission system.

b. Authors must ensure that manuscripts comply with the required IMRAD structure, abstract requirements, operational Method section, integrated Results and Discussion, minimum reference requirements, and APA Sixth Edition citation style.

c. Manuscripts must demonstrate clear relevance to the journal's Focus and Scope and provide meaningful scholarly contributions to Social Sciences and Humanities.

d. Interdisciplinary manuscripts must clearly establish their theoretical, methodological, or analytical connections to the journal's disciplinary coverage.

e. Manuscripts that do not meet the journal's academic, formatting, reference, or publication ethics requirements may be returned for revision before further editorial consideration.

f. The editorial team reserves the right to reject manuscripts that fall outside the journal's Focus and Scope, demonstrate insufficient scholarly contributions, contain serious methodological deficiencies, or violate publication ethics.

g. Manuscripts that satisfy the initial screening requirements may proceed to independent peer review. Final publication decisions remain subject to editorial assessment, peer-review recommendations, and satisfactory completion of the revision process.

Through these guidelines, Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora seeks to ensure consistent manuscript preparation, methodological transparency, academic originality, critical scholarly analysis, and high-quality publication that contributes to the advancement of Social Sciences and Humanities.