Perubahan Iklim dalam Perspektif Regulasi dan Kebijakan Lingkungan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v8i1.3687Keywords:
Climate Change, Regulation, Environmental Policy, Doctrinal ApproachAbstract
Indonesia is currently faced with significant environmental problems stemming from industrial activities, deforestation, and peatland burning, which substantially increase greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate environmental degradation. This paper aims to analyze an extensive review of the literature related to regulations and policies on climate change, within international and national legal frameworks. The paper also further explores significant advances in environmental law related to climate change, covering issues such as human rights, climate litigation, and the obligations of sovereign states and corporate entities. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method based on the Integrated Literature Review (ILR) approach, which focuses on the intrinsic logic and coherence of legal documents in general. The results of the analysis show that a legal perspective is increasingly important in addressing climate change, given that laws, treaties and regulations can take a central role in mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Specifically, climate change law encompasses a wide array of legal instruments and mechanisms at the international, national, and local levels, all of which aim to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increase climate resilience, and promote climate justice. In conclusion, this study, climate change has emerged as an urgent global challenge that requires legal and regulatory interventions at various levels. In addition, the legal perspective plays an important role in explaining the roles and responsibilities of the state, individuals, communities, and the private sector in the field of climate change mitigation and adaptation. As a recommendation to strengthen climate policy in Indonesia, it is imperative to advocate for legal reforms that are responsive to international advancements and improve the capacity of the judiciary in handling environmental litigation, thereby facilitating effective implementation of climate change law.
References
Ariana, L. (2020). Policy Governance Of Climate Change To Strengthen National Resilience In Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 423(1).
Ariani, D. (2019). The Effectiveness Of Climate Change Litigation As A Venue To Uphold State Climate Change Obligations In Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 16(2), 210-234.
Ariani, R., Irwan, A., & Rahayu, K. (2022). Acceleration of Clean Energy Use Based on The 2015 Paris Agreement. Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics, 21, 1–11.
Arief, S., Hasibuan, F. Y., & Mulyadi, L. (2024). Reflecting Pancasila in Environmental Crimes Enforcement: Diffusing Values to Indonesia’s Laws. Pancasila and Law Review, 5(1), 23-36.
Arifin, R., Rodiyah, R., & Wulansarie, R. (2023). Climate Justice in Indonesian Environmental Protection: Past, Present and Future Challenges. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1248(1).
Aristova, E., Higham, C., Higham, I., & Setzer, J. (2024). Corporate Climate Change Responsibilities Under The Oecd Guidelines For Multinational Enterprises. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 73(2), 505-525.
Aulia, S., & Pasha, J. A. (2024). Pajak Karbon dan Dilema Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia: Pembelajaran dari Negara Lain. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(7), 2667–2680.
Adyana, N. (2024). Penerapan Pajak Karbon Di Indonesia: Kajian Ekonomi, Politik, Dan Sosial. OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 4(1), 11-21.
Afdhali, D. R., & Triadi, I. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup. Journal Evidence Of Law, 3(2), 68-73.
Beckhauser, E. F. (2024). The Synergies Between Human Rights And The Rights Of Nature: An Ecological Dimension From The Latin American Climate Litigation. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 42(1), 12–34.
Belov, V. S., Ivanova, N. V., & Samarkin, A. I. (2022). On the Mechanisms of Pharmaceutical Pollution of the Environment Risk Reduction. Industry 4.0: Fighting Climate Change in the Economy of the Future, 119–128.
Bergkamp, L. (2015). Adjudicating Scientific Disputes in Climate Science: The Limits of Judicial Competence and the Risks of Taking Sides. Available at SSRN 2679252.
Blasco, P., Alcaraz, O., & Sureda, B. (2024). Allocating the Remaining Global Carbon Budget: A Human Rights-Based Approach On The Basis Of The Right to Sustainable Development.
Bodansky, D., Brunnée, J., & Rajamani, L. (2017). International Climate Change Law. International Climate Change Law.
Boer, H. (2017). Welfare environmentality and REDD+ Incentives In Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 19(6), 795–809.
Cornelius, C. M. (2024). What Might Future Rights-Based Climate Litigation Look Like in Indonesia? A Preliminary Analysis. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 16(1), 285–301.
Dwisatrio, B., Said, Z., Permatasari, A. P., Maharani, C., Moeliono, M., Wijaya, A., Lestari, A. A., Yuwono, J., & Thuy, P. T. (2021). The Context Of REDD+ in Indonesia: Drivers, Agents And Institutions.
Dewi, I. G. P. E. R., & Dewi, N. M. S. S. (2022). Analysis The Effectiveness Of Implementation Carbon Tax In Indonesia. Jurnal Economina, 1(4), 880–889.
Dias, M. J. D. (2023). Mudança Climática E A Erosão Dos Direitos Humanos E Fundamentais: Uma Relação De Interdependência. Revista Do Instituto de Hermenêutica Jurídica, 21(34).
Dirgantara, P. (2022). Reflecting on REDD+: Challenges Towards Indonesia’s Carbon Pricing. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1105(1).
Doelle, M. (2012). Compliance And Enforcement In The Climate Change Regime. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Faradila, N., & Aqilla, D. S. (2022). Good Environmental Governance Mainstreaming in Preparation for the Implementation of Carbon Trading in Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 4(4).
Fatkhullah, M., Pamungkas, N. R., Habib, M. A. F., & Mulyani, I. (2023). Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Community-based Action: an Analysis of the Program Kampung Iklim in Indonesia. Asean Social Work Journal, 11(1), 28–37.
Firdaus, S. U., & Arkananta, F. N. S. (2024). Carbon Trading and Its Role in Shaping Indonesia’s Environmental Resilience to Climate Change. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1362(1).
Garcia, L. (2024). Finance, The Green Transition And Climate Justice In The Global South. Understanding Green Finance: A Critical Assessment and Alternative Perspectives, 147-158.
Gizari, X. A., & Manou, D. (2014). Complying With And Enforcing Of Environmental Law: A Critical Appraisal Of The Mechanisms Used At The International And The European Level. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 13(3), 239–260.
Gupta, A. (2016). Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol: An Overview. Handbook of Environmental and Sustainable Finance, 3–23.
Halimatussadiah, A., Moeis, F. R., Izzuddin, A., & Savitri, I. (2023). REDD+ in Indonesia through the Context of a Sustainable Landscape Approach. The Climate-Energy-Land Nexus in Indonesia Biofuel, REDD+ and Biochar, 114.
Hermawan, S., Karim, M. F., & Rethel, L. (2023). Institutional Layering In Climate Policy: Insights From Redd+ Governance In Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 154.
Husin, S. (2015). Climate Change Mitigation On Forestry Based On Reed+ In International Law And Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 26(3), 490-504.
Hasibuan, I. (2024). The Effects Of Criminal Law On Legal Subjects Of Waste Management That Damages The Environment. Awang Long Law Review, 6(2), 438–442.
Husada, V. S., & Joesoef, I. E. (2022). Legal Policy of the Indonesian Government to Achieve Net Zero Emissions. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management, 2(1), 128-133.
Indreswari, T. L., & Lumbanraja, A. D. (2024). Enhancing Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Integrating Climate Justice into Judicial Legal Reasoning. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(1).
Irama, A. B., & Se, M. (2020). Perdagangan Karbon di Indonesia: Kajian Kelembagaan dan Keuangan Negara. Info Artha, 4(1), 83-102.
Indarto, B. A., & Ani, D. A. (2023). The Role of Green Accounting Through the Implementation of Carbon Taxes as an Instrument for Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia. The Accounting Journal of Binaniaga, 8(01), 73-84.
Jaya, I. M. L. M., & Padilla, M. A. E. (2024). Tax Carbon Policy: Momentum To Accelerate Indonesia’s Sustainable Economic Growth Towards Green Economy. Green Economy and Renewable Energy Transitions for Sustainable Development, 171–183.
Karybekova, G. (2018). International Instruments In The Field Of Climate Change. Regional Problems, 21(3), 108–111.
Keturakienė, A., & Murauskas, D. (2023). Climate Change and Human Rights: the First Cases Before the European Court of Human Rights. Teisė, 126, 38-55.
Kim, J. W., & Kim, S. (2022). International Agreements and Global Initiatives for Low-Carbon Cooling. ABDI Working Paper.
Kristanti, K. M., & Saptono, P. B. (2022). Pajak Karbon dalam Langkah Pelestarian Lingkungan. Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 5(4), 1971–1978.
Lestari, S. D., Leon, F. M., Riyadi, S., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2024). Comparison And Implementation Of Environmental Law Policies In Handling Climate Change In ASEAN Countries: A Comparative Study Of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 14(2), 687-700.
Lestari, S. I. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi dan Pengurusnya dalam Penegakan Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup akibat Limbah B3. Syntax Idea, 5(11), 2130–2145.
Levy, S. R., Gopang, M., Ramírez, L., Bernardo, A. B. I., Ruck, M. D., & Sternisko, A. (2024). A Human Rights-Based Approach To Climate Injustices At The Local, National, And International Levels: Program and Policy Recommendations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 18(1), 3–30.
Lolo, L. D. F. A., Maulana, A. D., & Pasaribu, D. N. (2022). Transparansi Pajak Karbon: Digitalisasi Pajak Karbon Sebagai Katalisator Dalam Pembangunan Rendah Karbon di Indonesia. Jurist-Diction, 5(1), 205-228.
Marjanac, S., & Jones, S. H. (2022). Staying within Atmospheric and Judicial Limits. Litigating the Climate Emergency, 157–176.
Morizane, J., Enoki, T., Hase, N., & Setiawan, B. (2016). Government Policies And Institutions For Climate Change Mitigation And Its Monitoring, Evaluation, And Reporting. Climate Change Policies and Challenges in Indonesia, 27–54.
Morizane, J., Enoki, T., Hase, N., & Setiawan, B. (2016). Government Policies And Institutions For Climate Change Mitigation And Its Monitoring, Evaluation, And Reporting. Climate Change Policies and Challenges in Indonesia, 27-54.
Muhamad, I. F., & Ruhaeni, N. (2022). Pengaturan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Berdasarkan Protokol Kyoto Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Global, 7(02), 223–244.
Mukarramah, N. H., Angi, J. C. W., & Paliling, V. E. S. (2023). Legal Protection for Environment and Coastal Community from Marine Ecosystem Degradation and Climate Change Impact. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(9).
Novita, N., Lestari, N. S., Anshari, G. Z., Lugina, M., Yeo, S., Malik, A., Asyhari, A., Putra, C. A. S., Gangga, A., Ritonga, R. P., Albar, I., Djaenudin, D., Arifanti, V. B., Poor, E., Jupesta, J., Tryanto, D. H., Basuki, I., & Ellis, P. (2022). Natural Climate Solutions In Indonesia: Wetlands Are The Key To Achieve Indonesia’s National Climate Commitment. Environmental Research Letters, 17(11).
Nur, A. I. (2022). Human Rights Aspect in the Indonesian Energy Transition: The Challenges of Promoting the Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment. Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS), 1(2), 102-114.
Nurfatriani, F., Salminah, M., Cadman, T., & Sarker, T. (2017). Incentives And Disincentives For Reducing Emissions Under REDD+ in Indonesia. Pathways to a Sustainable Economy: Bridging the Gap between Paris Climate Change Commitments and Net Zero Emissions, 191–207.
Nurhidayah, L., Alam, S., Utomo, N. A., & Suntoro, A. (2024). Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition: The Societal Implications of Policy and Legislation on Renewable Energy. Climate Law, 14(1), 36–66.
Patra, E. E., Aida, M., Bing, J.-B., & Davey, O. M. (2022). Corporation’s Liability on Illegal Dumping’s Impact on Climate Change according to the UNFCCC And Its Implementation In Indonesia. JASSP, 2(1), 57–64.
Pinilih, S. A. G., & Rahmansyah, A. (2023). Climate Change and Environmental Justice in Constitutional Law. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1270(1).
Pradana, G. W., Djaing, H., Kurniawan, B., & Febriani, A. P. (2022). Implementation of REDD+ Policies in Indonesia to Reducing Deforestation Amid Rising Earth’s Temperature. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1111(1).
Pramudianto, A. (2019). Paris Agreement Agreement 2015 and its Impact on Indonesian National Law.
Preston, B. J. (2023). Changing Climate Law And Governance: A multi-level perspective. Global Policy.
Putra, D. S. (2024). Dirty Dollars: Profits Over Planet in Indonesia’s Application of the Polluter Pays Principle. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development, 3(1).
Rachmaniar, A., Supriyadi, A. P., & Pradana, H. (2021). Carbon Trading System As A Climate Mitigation Scheme: Why Indonesia Should Adopt It?. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 739(1).
Sedlacek, J., Egorova, T., Sukhodolov, T., Karagodin-Doyennel, A., Zilker, F., & Rozanov, E. (2023). Montreal Protocol's impact on the ozone layer and climate. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Sulistiawati, L. Y. (2011). Globalization and Climate Change Regulations in Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 135-143.
Sulistiawati, L. Y. (2020). Indonesia’s Climate Change National Determined Contributions, A Farfetch Dream Or Possible Reality?. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 423(1).
Susilowati, I., Ahmad, S. T. M., Faturrahman, T., & Hidayat, R. F. (2022). Efektivitas Protokol Kyoto Dalam Mereduksi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Di Indonesia. Journal Of Legal Research, 4(5), 1255–1274.
Siagian, A. W., & Rosari, A. (2023). Regulation on the Utilization of Carbon Service as a Forest Protection Effort in Indonesia. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 4(3), 299-317.
Torodji, R., Hartiwiningsih, H., Handayani, I. G. A. K. R., & Nur, M. (2023). The Role of the Corporate Penalty System on Environmental Regulation. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(3), 600-624.
Varvastian, S., & Varvastian, S. (2024). Climate Change Litigation, Liability and Global Climate Governance-Can Judicial Policymaking Become a Game-changer?.
Voigt, C. (2016). The Compliance And Implementation Mechanism Of The Paris Agreement. Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law, 25(2), 161–173.
Volkova, Y. (2023). Ensuring The Human Rights To A Healthy Environment: Normative Regulation And Practice Of The ECtHR. Rocznik Administracji Publicznej, (9), 375–394.
Vilchez, M. P. (2016). Broadening The Scope: The Urgenda Case, The Oslo Principles And The Role Of National Courts In Advancing Environmental Protection Concerning Climate Change. Spanish Yearbook of International Law, 20, 71–92.
Wardana, A. (2023). Governing Through Courts? Law and the Political-Economy of Climate Change Litigation in Indonesia. Verfassung Und Recht in Ubersee, 56(2), 351–370.
Weber, R. H., & Hösli, A. (2020). Climate Change Liability: Comparing Risks for Directors in Jurisdictions of the Common and Civil Law. Climate Law, 10(2), 151–196.
Wendra, M., & Sutrisno, A. (2023). Penerapan Hukum Internasional Terkait United Nation Framework Convention On Climate Change Dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim. Journal Evidence Of Law, 2(2), 265–275.
Zaman, S. T. (2023). Should Courts or Elected Officials Make Major Policy Decisions About Climate Change?. Available at SSRN 4643973.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tomi Setiawan, Muhammad Hammam Mughits, Hilman Abdul Halim (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
An author who publishes in the Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
