Developing a Steam and Tri Hita Karana Comic to Improve Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students' Science Literacy

Authors

  • Nengah Kadek Selamet Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
  • I Gede Margunayasa Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
  • Dewa Bagus Sanjaya Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v9i1.5250

Keywords:

Comic, STEAM, Tri Hita Karana, Science Literacy

Abstract

The current problems are low student science literacy and fading cultural values. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of STEAM-infused comics containing Tri Hita Karana values to improve the science literacy of fifth-grade students on the ecosystem harmony material at SD Negeri 6 Penatih. Developmental research method using the ADDIE model. Data collection instruments used questionnaires to test validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research results show that this comic meets excellent criteria, as evidenced by the validation results from content experts, media experts, design expert, and language experts. The practicality test conducted by teachers showed very satisfactory results with a percentage of 98%. The practicality test results for students obtained a percentage of 94.51%, indicating that this comic is very practical and well-received by students. The effectiveness test results thru pretest and posttest showed a significant improvement in students' science literacy with a significance value (p < 0.001) and a high effect size (Cohen's d = 3.208). In conclusion, STEAM-loaded comics and Tri Hita Karana are effective in improving the science literacy of fifth-grade elementary school students. The implications are positive, such as increased student interest in science thru culturally relevant approaches, as well as potential long-term impacts in the form of improved science literacy. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of steam and Balinese local wisdom with the help of sophisticated AR so that the media becomes more contextual, real, interesting, and students' literacy increases.

References

Darmayanti, L. E., Suarni, N. K., & Arnyana, I B. P. (2021). Development of Social Studies Learning Outcome Tests and Learning Motivation Questionnaires for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(1), 21-31.

Daryanto, J., Ragil, I., Atmojo, W., Ardiansyah, R., Saputri, D. Y., & Salimi, M. (2022). Augmented Reality Media Development in STEAM Learning in Elementary Schools. Ingénierie Des Systèmes d’Information, 27(3), 463-471.

Dewi, N. K. M. P., & Sujana, I. W. (2020). The Implementation of Tri Kaya Parisudha Values in Learning With the Discovery Learning Model Influences Science Knowledge Competence. Jurnal Pendidikan Multikultural Indonesia, 3(2), 77.

Dewi, N. M. H. M., Astawan, I. G., & Trisna, G. A. P. S. (2024). Tri Hita Karana-Based Digital Comics to Improve Elementary School Students’ Sociocultural Literacy. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(4), 3178-3189.

Dhanil, M., & Mufit, F. (2025). What Is Effective for Improving Students’ Scientific. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, 21(3), 111.

Ditriguna, I. N. A. K., Sudiana, I. N., & Suastra, I. W. (2023). Digital Comic Media with the Comic Life Application to Improve Science Literacy in Grade VI. Journal Imliah Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 7(3), 416-424.

Ferreira, F., Junior, B., & Regalado, D. F. (2022). Comics For Oral Health Education: Construction, Validation, And Analysis Of Efficacy. Revista O Mundo Da Saude, 574-586.

Flores-gonzález, N. (2024). The Influence of E-Comics on English Lexical Competence in Virtual Higher Education. IAFOR: Journal Of Education: Technology in Education, 12(2), 149-172.

Glosita, K. N., & Suarni, N. (2022). Development of a Tri Hita Karana-Based Science E-Module on the Topic of the Life Cycle of Living Things and Their Conservation for Grade IV Elementary School. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 6(2), 78-90.

Handayani, T. (2021). Developing STEM-Based Digital Comic Media to Improve Elementary School Students’ Science Literacy. Jurnal Didaktika Pendidikan Dasar, 5(3), 737-756.

Kertih, I. W. (2023). Tri Hita Karana Based Subak in Strengthening Character and Social Studies Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students. International Conference On Social Science Education Proceeding, 1, 123-135.

Krisna, D., Gunarhadi, G., & Winarno, W. (2020). Development of Educational Comic with Local Wisdom to Foster Morality of Elementary School Students: A Need Analysis. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 6(2), 337-343.

Mardiana, I. N. A., Agung, A., & Agung, G. (2024). Problem-Based Digital Comics to Improve Science Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 7(1), 49-59.

Megantari, K. A., Margunayasa, I. G., & Agustina, A. G. T. (2021). Learning Natural Resources Through Digital Comic Media. Journal of Elementary School Teacher Education Department, 9(1), 139-149.

Muhammad, U. A., Fuad, M., Ariyani, F., & Suyanto, E. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis Of Local Wisdom-Based Learning: Direction For Future History Education Research. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 11(4), 2209-2222.

Pageh, I. M., & Permana, A. J. (2020). Content Design: E-Learning Module For Study On Cultural Tourism Information Systems Based On Local Wisdom. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1516(1), 3.

Paramitasari, P. N., Triwijaya, I. N. A., & Agung, A. A. G. (2025). Implementation of Tri Hita Karana Values in Strengthening Character and 21st Century Competence: A Case Study of SMPN 2 Tabanan Kirim ma. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia, 16(2), 173-186.

Purba, N., Wondal, R., Yuliantina, I., Chandra, A., Sagala, D., Budiarti, E., Susanti, D., & Herman, H. (2026). Bringing Numbers to Life through Numeracy Literacy: Practical Use of E- Comic Media in Early Education. Studies in Media and Communication, 14(1), 15-25.

Putra, I. P. S., Suastra, I. W., & Suarni, N. K. (2021). Development of Critical Thinking Skills and Science Literacy Skills Instruments for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students. PENDASI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 5(2), 203-213.

Rusmini, N. N., Lasmawan, I. W., & Candiasa, I. M. (2023). Developing Digital Teaching Module Of Social-Science Subject Based Steam Method For Grade Four Elementary School Students: Pendidikan Dasar. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 4(2), 150-157.

Sanjaya, D. B., Suartama, I. K., Suastika, I. N., Sukadi, S., Dewantara, I. P. M., Suastika, I. N., Sukadi, S., & Dewantara, I. P. M. (2021). The Implementation Of Balinese Folflore-Based Civic Education For Strengthening Character Education. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(1), 303-316.

Sanjayanti, N. P. A. H., Suastra, W., Suma, K., Adnyana, P. B., Darmayanti, W. S., & Widiastuti, N. P. K. (2026). Integration of Bali Local Wisdom in Science Learning Model Integration of Bali Local Wisdom in Science Learning Model. ICLIQE ’21: The 5th International Conference on Learning Innovation and? Ality Education, September 2021.

Santi, K., & Sholeh, S. M. (2020). E-Comic Mathematics Based On STEAM-CC And Its Effect On Students Creative Thinking Ability E-Comic Mathematics Based On STEAM-CC And Its Effect On Students Creative Thinking Ability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1839(1).

Sudiartini, N. P., Lasmawan, I. W., & Kertih, I. W. (2024). Implementation of Balinese Local Wisdom on the Topic of Environmental Problems That Threaten Life in Social Studies Learning for Grade V Elementary School. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(04), 295-303.

Susanta, A., Susanto, E., Rusnilawati, R., Sumardi, H., & Ali, S. R. B. (2025). Literacy skills Through The Use Of Digital STEAM-Inquiry Learning Modules: A Comparative Study Of Urban And Rural Elementary Schools In Indonesia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(4).

Sari, N. P. M., Sukadi, B. D. N. R., & Yasintha, P. N. (2021). The Effectiveness Of Tri Hita Karana Based Traditional Village Management In Covid-19 Prevention at Bali. Jurnal Transformative, 7(1), 56-80.

Tahmidaten, L., & Krismanto, W. (2020). Problems of Reading Culture in Indonesia (Literature Study on Problems & Solutions). Scholaria: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 10(1), 22-33.

Utama, C., Widiyono, Y., & Anjarini, T. (2023). Comic Media Based on Science Literacy Integrated with Islamic Characters for Elementary School Students. Edukasiana: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 2(1).

Wahyu, Y., Suastra, I. W., Sadia, I. W., & Suarni, N. K. (2020). The Effectiveness of Mobile Augmented Reality Assisted STEM-Based Learning on Scientific Literacy and Students ’ Achievement. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3), 343-356.

Wedanthi, L. P. R., Dantes, I. N., & Sariyasa, S. (2025). STEAM-Oriented Problem-Based Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Sains Dan Humaniora, 9(1), 39-49.

Wibawa, I. M. C., Margunayasa, I. G., Wayan, N., & Widiastini, E. (2023). Needs Analysis: Development of Contextual Approach Learning Tools Based on Local Balinese Wisdom. Journal of Education Technology, 7(4), 734-741.

Windu, I. P., & Sujana, M. (2025). Developing Digital Comic Media Based on Tri Hita Karana to Instill an Attitude of Cooperation and Mutual Assistance. Ganesha Civic Education Journal, 7(1), 10-17.

Wulandari, I. G. A. A., Lasmawan, I. W., Suarni, N. K., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2024). Overcoming Plagiarism Through Habituation On Appreciating Each Human Work: Balinese Culture Implementation Of Tri Hita Karana On Learning In Higher Education. Nature, 18(1), 130-138.

Xefteris, S. (2021). Developing STEAM Educational Scenarios in Pedagogical Studies Using Robotics. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 11(4), 7358-7362.

Yudiana, I. K. E., Lasmawan, I. W., Suastra, I. W., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2025). Tri Hita Karana-Based Deradicalisation Learning and Reconstruction of the Menyama Braya Culture Effect on Students’ Social Thinking. Journal of Cultural Analysis And Social Change, 10(4), 1710-1717.

Downloads

Published

14-02-2026

How to Cite

Kadek Selamet, N., Margunayasa, I. G., & Sanjaya, D. B. (2026). Developing a Steam and Tri Hita Karana Comic to Improve Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students’ Science Literacy. Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9(1), 386–397. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v9i1.5250

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Nengah Kadek Selamet, I Gede Margunayasa, Dewa Bagus Sanjaya (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

An author who publishes in the Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora agrees to the following terms:

  • Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
  • Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Author is  permitted and encouraged to post his/her  work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.