Ideologi, Bahasa dan Penyingkiran
Eksklusi Sosial Berbasis Bahasa yang Dihadapi Mahasiswa Asal Indonesia Timur di Pulau Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v8i3.4519Keywords:
Language, Social Exclusion, Ideology, Eastern Indonesian, JavanizationAbstract
This study examines language-based social exclusion endured by migrant students from East Indonesia in Java. It applies and enriches Bracic's (2020, 2022) multidimensional exclusion cycle model by highlighting language's central role as a key dimension of exclusion in the Indonesian context, an area not yet fully elaborated within her theoretical framework. Analysis reveals that, beyond difficulties in formal and vernacular Indonesian, these students encounter discriminatory racial prejudice. This discrimination stems from a historical javanization process implemented by the Sukarno and Soeharto governments, leading to language hierarchization, structural racism, and racial discrimination. This research argues that language, ideology, and power are intertwined, perpetuating the exclusion cycle against these marginalized groups. This study used literature review and semi-structured interviews, and found the need for multidimensional interventions targeting language hierarchies, racial prejudice, and structural racism to break this exclusion cycle and foster equitable inclusion.
References
Adellia, A. A., & Aco, F. (2020). Problematika Mahasiswa Indonesia Timur Dalam Menyesuaikan Budaya Di DIY. Jurnal Enersia Publika: Energi, Sosial, Dan Administrasi Publik, 4(2), 320–329.
Anas, M., Frank, S. A. K., & Idris, U. (2020). Anana Bicara-Bicara: Selera Musik, Gaya Hidup, dan Strategi Rapper di Kota Jayapura. Cenderawasih, 1(1), 51–64.
Anderson, B. R. O. G. (1990). Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Arka, I. W. (2013). Language management and minority language maintenance in (eastern) Indonesia: strategic issues.
Awom, I. Y. P. (2017). Tafsiran Kognisi Puitis terhadap Lagu Black Brothers dalam Mengungkap Transkrip Tersembunyi (Hidden Transcript). Melanesia, 1(2), 91–106.
Barimbing, S. K., & La Kahija, Y. F. (2015). Pengalaman Penyesuaian Sosial Mahasiswa Etnis Papua di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 4(2), 104–113.
Basrianto, F. (2017). Kebangkitan Tradisi di Yogyakarta. Masyarakat Indonesia, 43(2), 187–200.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bracic, A. (2020). Breaking the Exclusion Cycle: How to Promote Cooperation Between Majority and Minority Ethnic Groups. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bracic, A. (2022). Ethnicity and social exclusion. Nationalities Papers, 50(6), 1045–1056.
Byrne, D. (2005). Social Exclusion. New York, NY McGraw-Hill Education.
Daniels, T. P. (2024). Blackness in Indonesia: Articulations of colonial and postcolonial racial epistemologies. Ethnos, 89(4), 657–678.
Dwiliarossa, M. (2019). Representation of Eastern Indonesian Stereotype on Television Program (Semiotic Analysis of Charles Sanders Peirce in Waktu Indonesia Timur Television Program) [Skripsi]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Eagleton, T. (1991). Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso.
Fitri, R., & Kustanti, E. R. (2020). Hubungan antara efikasi diri akademik dengan penyesuaian diri akademik pada mahasiswa rantau dari Indonesia Bagian Timur di Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 7(2), 491–501.
Fogg, K. W. (2015). The standardisation of the Indonesian language and its consequences for Islamic communities. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 46(1), 86–110.
Garcia-Sanchez, I. M. (2011). Language Socialization and Exclusion. In A. Duranti, B. B. Schieffelin, & E. Ochs (Eds.), The Handbook of Language Socialization (pp. 391–419). Wiley.
Ibda, H. (2019). Pembelajaran bahasa indonesia berwawasan literasi baru di perguruan tinggi dalam menjawab tantangan era revolusi industri 4.0. Jalabahasa, 15(1), 48–64.
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Lim, W. M., Dabić, M., Kumar, S., Kanbach, D., Mukherjee, D., Corvello, V., Piñeiro-Chousa, J., Liguori, E., Palacios-Marqués, D., Schiavone, F., Ferraris, A., Fernandes, C., & Ferreira, J. J. (2022). Literature reviews as independent studies: guidelines for academic practice. Review of Managerial Science, 16(8), 2577–2595.
Liamputtong, P., & Rice, Z. S. (2022). Stigma, Discrimination, and Social Exclusion. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of Social Exclusion: Research and Practices in Health and Social Sciences (pp. 113–128). Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Manafe, Y. C. S., & Kristianingsih, S. A. (2023). Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional Dengan Penyesuaian Sosial Mahasiswa Rantau Dari Indonesia Timur. Media Bina Ilmiah, 17(10), 2539–2548.
Mulder, N. (2013). Mistisisme Jawa: Ideologi di Indonesia (5th ed.). LKiS Yogyakarta.
Murdiyati, S. (2020). Peranan bahasa indonesia dalam membangun karakter generasi muda bangsa. Educatif Journal of Education Research, 2(3), 25–30.
Musthofiyah, U., & Isnainiyah, L. (2020). What makes Indonesian Eastern students struggle on academic performance at urban college: A grounded theory. EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka): Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 5(1), 16â – 30.
Nurrahmah, F. (2023). Penguatan Bahasa Indonesia sebagai Identitas Nasional Melalui Poster Interaktif pada Instagram@ BASTRA. ID. Educaniora: Journal of Education and Humanities, 1(1), 10–16.
Perdana, A. D. (2022). Stigmatisasi Terhadap Orang Timur Pada Film Dokumenter Dinasti Penagih Utang Dari Timur: The Debtfathers Karya Vice Indonesia [Skripsi]. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Purnamasari, A., & Hartono, W. J. (2023). Pentingnya penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi. Jotika Journal in Education, 2(2), 57–64.
Purwanti, A. (2023, August 26). Ketimpangan di Tengah Apresiasi Publik pada Kinerja Edukasi. Kompas.Id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2023/08/26/ketimpangan-di-tengah-apresiasi-publik-pada-kinerja-edukasi
Rahman, F. (2011, June). Bahasa dan kebijakan politik (kasus bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia). Seminar Internasional Serumpun Melayu V.
Romaine, S. (2000). Language in Society: An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Rosalia, M., Krisdinanto, N., & Fiesta, B. R. S. (2019). Analisis semiotika tentang penggambaran orang pedalaman pada film Indonesia. Communicatus: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(2), 153–170.
Salmon, C. (1983). Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia, a Provisional Annotated Bibliography. Editions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme.
Seda, F. S. S. E., Setyawati, L., Pera, Y. H. T., & Febriani, R. (2018). Social policies, social exclusion & social well-being in Southeast Asia: A case study of Papua, Indonesia. Economics & Sociology, 11(3), 147–160.
Thornton, D. L. (1972). Javanization of Indonesian politics [Thesis, The University of British Columbia]. https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/831/items/1.0101705
Webb-Gannon, C. (2023). # Papuanlivesmatter: how a narrative of racism has elevated West Papua’s decolonisation movement. The International Journal of Human Rights, 27(6), 1050–1073.
Wijaya, A. R., & Rizal, C. A. (2023). Social Discrimination: A Case Study of Social Subordination to Eastern Vernacular Indonesian Speakers. PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics, 8(1), 1–16.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajar Martha (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
An author who publishes in the Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
