Strategi Aktivisme Digital #MeToo Movement di Amerika Serikat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v6i1.2004Keywords:
#MeToo Movement, Sexual Harassment, Digital Campaign, United StatesAbstract
The presence of the #MeToo movement is an early sign of a social movement through social networks in voicing injustice over sexual cases that occur in the workplace in the United States. This reseach aims to explain the strategy of the digital campaign of the #MeToo movement as a movement to fight for the rights of victims of sexual cases by using qualitative research methods with the concept of Online Social Movement and Digital Activism. The results of this study indicate that the sustainability of the digital campaign of the #MeToo movement uses a strategy from digital activism which includes accessibility, namely the #MeToo movement chooses a modern campaign method by using social media such as twitter, instagram, facebook, and myspace. Then look at the popularity, namely by using the hashtag #MeToo as a frame of movement that is easy to share on social media. Finally, the ecosystem, the outbreak of the #MeToo movement has received positive responses from victims and the community thus driving a number of transformations.
References
Alyssa Milano. (2017). Me Too. Twitter. Retrieved October 15, 2017, from twiter.com website: https://twitter.com/alyssa_milano/status/919659438700670976
Anna Nortyh. (2019). 7 Positive Changes That Have Come From the #MeToo Movement. Retrieved October 04, 2019, from vox.com https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/10/4/20852639/me-too-movement-sexual-harassment-law-2019
Arianto, B. (2022). Gerakan Protes Digital Para Suporter Sleman. Kalijaga Journal of Communication, 3(1), 1–16.
Baik, J. M., Nyein, T. H., & Modrek, S. (2021). Social Media Activism and Convergence in Tweet Topics After the Initial #MeToo Movement for Two Distinct Groups of Twitter Users. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–20.
Botti F, Corsi M, Garraio J, Gurmai Z, Ponté J, & Thissen L. (2017). The #MeToo Social Media Effect and Its Potentials for Social Change in Europe. In FEPS-Foundation for Europen Progressive Studies.
Brünker, F., Wischnewski, M., Mirbabaie, M., & Meinert, J. (2020). The role of social media during social movements - Observations from the #metoo debate on twitter. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020-Janua, 2356–2365.
Brunner, E., & Partlow-Lefevre, S. (2020). #MeToo as networked collective: examining consciousness-raising on wild public networks. Communication and Critical/ Cultural Studies, 17(2), 166–182.
Burke, T. (2017). MeToo was started for black and brown women and girls. They’re still being ignored. The Washington Post, 9, 2017.
Cadei, E. (2017). Few in Washington are saying# MeToo. California congresswoman wants to change that. Miami Herald, 25.
Carroll, N. (2020). Tarana Burke on the power of empathy, the building block of the Me Too movement. USA Today, 27.
Chatterjee, R. (2018). A new survey finds 81 percent of women have experienced sexual harassment. National Public Radio.
Dino Sossi. (2022). And just like that … #MeToo changed the nature of online communication. The Conversation. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from theconversation.com https://theconversation.com/and-just-like-that-metoo-changed-the-nature-of-online-communication-174527
Durana, A., Lenhart, A., Miller, R., & ... (2018). Sexual Harassment: a severe and pervasive problem. Retrieved September 26, 2018, from New America http://newamericadotorg.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Sexual_Harassment_A_Severe_and_Pervasive_Problem_2018-09-25_152914.pdf
Elisabeth Joseph. (2020). Opening Statements in Harvey Weinstein’s Sex Assault Trial Are Set to Begin Wednesday. Here,s What You Need to Know. Retrieved January 21, 2020, from CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/21/us/harvey-weinstein-trial-opening/index.html
Employment, T. U. S. E. (2022). EEOC Data Highlight. 1964(2), 2–5.
Ennis, E., & Wolfe, L. (2018). Media and# MeToo: How a movement affected press coverage of sexual assault. Women’s Media Center Report.
Eric Lavenson and Stella Chan. (2020). Harvey Weinstein Charged With Sexual Assault and Rape in Los Angeles. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/06/us/harvey-weinstein-new-charges/index.html
Garcia, S. E. (2017). The woman who created# MeToo long before hashtags. The New York Times, 20(20).
George, J. J., & Leidner, D. E. (2019). From clicktivism to hacktivism: Understanding digital activism. Information and Organization, 29(3), 100249.
Gueorguieva, V. (2008). Voters, MySpace, and YouTube: The impact of alternative communication channels on the 2006 election cycle and beyond. Social Science Computer Review, 26(3), 288–300.
Hara, N., & Huang, B. (2009). Hara_et_al-2011_Online Social Movements. 489–522.
Hendytami, N., Rijal, N. K., & Prinanda, D. (2022). Homogenisasi Budaya Dan Pengaruh Teknologi: Korean Wave Sebagai Budaya Global. Jurnal Noken, 7(2), 205–218.
Hosterman, A. R., Johnson, N. R., Stouffer, R., & Herring, S. (2018). Twitter, Social Support Messages and the #MeToo Movement. The Journal of Social Media in Society Fall, 7(2), 69–91.
Isa, D., & Himelboim, I. (2018). A Social Networks Approach to Online Social Movement: Social Mediators and Mediated Content in #FreeAJStaff Twitter Network. Social Media and Society, 4(1).
Ismail, A., Hijjang, P., & Munsi, H. (2017). Online Social Movement: The Revival of Civil Society in Indonesia. 143(UICoSP), 98–100.
Jackson, D. L. (2018). Me Too: Epistemic Injustice and the Struggle for Recognition. Feminist Philosophy Quarterly, 4(4).
Karlyn Borysenko. (2020). The Dark Side of #MeToo: What Happens When Men Are Falsely Accused. Retrieved February 12, 2020, from Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/karlynborysenko/2020/02/12/the-dark-side-of-metoo-what-happens-when-men-are-falsely-accused/?sh=20a9cdd1864d
Lance Bennett, W. (2004). Communicating global activism: Strengths and vulnerabilities of networked politics. Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements, 9780203644, 109–128.
Lang, H. (2019). #MeToo: A Case Study in Re-Embodying Information. Computers and Composition, 53, 9–20.
Levenson, E. (2020). Witnesses at Harvey Weinstein trial show how# MeToo has changed whose voices matter.
Mendes, K., Ringrose, J., & Keller, J. (2018). #MeToo and the promise and pitfalls of challenging rape culture through digital feminist activism. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 25(2), 236–246.
Modrek, S., & Chakalov, B. (2019). The #Metoo movement in the United States: Text analysis of early twitter conversations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(9).
Nastiti, P., & Wibisono, Y. P. (2019). Pendampingan Kampanye Digital Melalui Website Dan Sosial Media Kepada Kawan Kasih Tumbuh. Jurnal Pemberdayaan: Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(3), 407–416.
Pflum, M. (2018). A year ago, Alyssa Milano started a conversation about# MeToo (Doctoral dissertation, These women replied. NBCNews. Retrieved from: https://www. nbcnews. com).
Ransom, J. (2020). Harvey Weinstein’s stunning downfall: 23 years in prison. New York Times, 11.
Rahmawan, D., Mahameruaji, J. N., & Janitra, P. A. (2020). Strategi aktivisme digital di Indonesia: aksesibilitas, visibilitas, popularitas dan ekosistem aktivisme. Jurnal Manajemen Komunikasi, 4(2), 123.
Rosemary Rossi. (2017). Alyssa Milano Kicks Off #MeToo Crusade for Victims of Sexual Harassment. Retrieved October 15, 2017, from The Wrap. https://www.thewrap.com/alyssa-milano-metoo-victims-sexual-harassment/
Seales, R. (2018). What has# MeToo actually changed. BBC News, 12.
Sexual, E., In, H., & Workplaces, G. (2020). Federal # MeToo. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from usccr.gov https://www.usccr.gov/files/pubs/2020/04-01-Federal-Me-Too.pdf
Shukla, S., Singh, P. P., & Garima. (2020). #Me Too Movement: Influence of Social Media Engagement on Intention To Control Sexual Harassment Against Women. Journal of Content, Community and Communication, 12, 57–69.
Smith, A. M., & Ortiz, R. R. (2021). #MeToo Social Media Engagement and Perceived Hypersensitivity in the Workplace. Communication Studies, 72(4), 531–546.
Suovilla, E., Suomela, P., Riikonen, A., Kupiainen, S., & Juusola, A. (2020). # MeToo Movement, Digital Media and the Public Sphere. Computational Transformation of the Public Sphere, 211–229.
Thomson, K. (2018). Social media activism and the# MeToo movement. Medium. com.
Yumitro, G., Kurniawati, D. E., Abdelsalam, E. A., & Shukri, S. F. M. (2022). The influences of social media toward the development of terrorism in Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 6(1), 16–31.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Farah Liana Ismahani, Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, Muhammad Fadzryl Adzmy (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
An author who publishes in the Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora agrees to the following terms:
- Author retains the copyright and grants the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal
- Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with the acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author is permitted and encouraged to post his/her work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.