Eskatologi Sad Darśana Dalam Praktik Negosiasi Konsep Ātman, Saṃsāra, dan Ritus Kematian Hindu Diaspora di Kota Palu

Abstract

Death and the nature of the soul (ātman) are foundational concepts in Hindu philosophy (Ṣaḍ-Darśana), yet their implementation among the Hindu diaspora in minority regions like Palu City remains under-researched. This study analyzes the community's understanding of ātman, perspectives on death and saṃsāra, ritual practices, and the factors driving the adaptation of Ṣaḍ-Darśana concepts within the local socio-cultural context. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered via observation, purposive interviews, documentation, and literature review, then analyzed descriptively. The findings reveal that the understanding of ātman is enacted pragmatically, deeply rooted in Balinese traditions, and fosters ethico-religious attitudes. Death is perceived as a transitional phase of the soul’s existence rather than an end. Death rituals are believed to expedite soul purification toward the ancestral realm prior to reincarnation (saṃsāra), guided by the accumulation of past deeds (karma wasana). These practices center around Pura Prajapati and are facilitated by Krama Adat Kertha Winangun. While rituals generally adhere to Balinese customs, their execution is adapted and simplified to match the family’s economic capacity. This conceptual transformation is shaped by religious education literacy, Balinese cultural heritage, socio-economic conditions, modernization, robust community solidarity, and Palu City's multicultural climate. In conclusion, the Hindu diaspora in Palu City implements Ṣaḍ-Darśana concepts through an adaptive-practical lens within a Balinese traditional framework rather than a purely philosophical standpoint. Ritual flexibility and communal solidarity form the foundation for preserving theological identity and cultural existence amid minority dynamics.