Journal title Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Initials JPAH Email jurnalpenelitianagamahindu@gmail.com Frequency Quarterly (January, April, July, October) DOI 10.37329/jpah by ISSN 2579-9843 Editor-in-chief Ni Made Sumantri Publisher Jayapangus Press Before submission, you have to make sure that your paper is prepared using the Paper Template. Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. Authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting or, if already registered, can simply login and begin the five-step process. Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu Indexed By : is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Exploring the Limits of Socioeconomic Characteristics in Explaining the Income of Hindu Communities in Areas Prone to Terrorism Issues
This study was motivated by the issue of terrorism in Indonesia, which has created uncertainty that has seriously impacted the economic welfare of the community, especially minority communities such as Hindus in Tambarana Village, Central Sulawesi. In this context, household income is an important indicator for understanding the economic resilience of vulnerable groups. This study aims to examine the influence of family dependents, family size, and work frequency on the income levels of Hindus affected by terrorism. This analysis can help to understand the income of the Hindu community as part of a larger ecosystem influenced by various socio-economic factors. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive design and a cross-sectional model. Data collection techniques were carried out through a Likert scale questionnaire administered to 92 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression. The results indicate that the three independent variables do not have a significant impact on household income, with significance values above 0.05 and a model contribution of 1.9%. These findings suggest that demographic factors and work activities are insufficient to explain the income conditions of Hindu communities affected by terrorism. The study concludes that the economic resilience of minority communities is more influenced by structural, social, and cultural factors. Therefore, a multisectoral intervention strategy is needed that integrates cultural approaches, social support, and psychosocial recovery to strengthen the overall well-being of the community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Ketut Ratini, I Wayan Supetran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Law Enforcement of Lactation Facilities and Their Relevance in Hindu Religious Teachings
Lactation facilities in the public sector are a right for breastfeeding mothers, but the provision of proper facilities is still a major problem in Lombok. By regulation, public service sector managers must provide this facility optimally. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the factors that hinder law enforcement and its relationship with Hindu sacred teachings. The research uses an empirical juridical approach, and data is obtained through observation, interviews, and literature analysis. Based on the findings, the factors that cause the implementation of the policy to be not optimal include a lack of policy communication, limited resources, social stigma, and a lack of strict sanctions. Meanwhile, from the point of view of Hindu sacred teachings, the provision of lactation facilities is a form of implementation of the moral obligations that the government must carry out to the community, which is relevant in the teachings of dharma, sevanam, ahimsa, vasudaiva kutumbhakam, dana and karuna. It is important for the government to be firm in providing lactation facilities for breastfeeding mothers in the public service sector, not only as an implementation of regulations, but also as a moral obligation in implementing government duties according to religious teachings. Therefore, it will greatly support the government's efforts to support exclusive breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers, and the findings are expected to be useful theoretically and practically in relevant studies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Ayu Agung Andriani, I Wayan Agus Gunada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Model Penanaman Nilai Karakter Hindu Melalui Participatory Action Research (PAR) Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Hindu STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja
This research is motivated by the problem of character degradation of students of the Hindu Religious Education Study Program (PAH) STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja, such as low social sensitivity, communication ethics that are not in line with manners, stagnation of academic-non-academic achievements, and minimal integration of Hindu values ​​in learning. These challenges threaten the competence of graduates as prospective educators and religious instructors in the era of digital disruption. The purpose of the research is to design a holistic Hindu character value instillation model through improvements in student input, lecturer methods, and the campus environment. The method used is qualitative Participatory Action Research (PAR) with three stages: (1) problem identification through observation, interviews, and document analysis; (2) intervention in the form of a Catur Guru workshop and integration of Tri Kaya Parisudha into the curriculum; (3) holistic evaluation combining cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The results of the study showed a significant increase in discipline (60% decrease in violations), dress code compliance (95%), student independence (80% of community organization activities without lecturer intervention), and integration of Hindu values ​​in learning. Supporting factors include the role of the family, a harmonious campus environment based on Tri Mandala, and collaboration with the community. In conclusion, the PAR-based character building model is effective in forming students with the characters of satyam, siwam, sundaram, although challenges such as consistency of administrative discipline still need to be overcome. This study contributes theoretically to the integration of Hindu values ​​(Sad Ripu, Dharma) into modern pedagogy and practically through recommendations for revitalizing the karma phala-based curriculum, strengthening the role of STAHN as a center of excellence for Hindu education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putu Subawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrasi Prinsip Catur Paramita Dalam Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Pada Pendidikan Agama Hindu
Differentiated learning can be interpreted as learning that seeks to provide maximum learning services to students. This learning is often referred to as learning that favors students because its implementation refers to mapping students based on learning readiness, learning interests and learning profiles. The implementation of differentiated learning in Hindu Religious Education and Budi Pekerti subjects at the high schools level in Mataram city is still very rare, and one of the schools that implement it is Senior High School 4 Mataram. This study aims to critically analyze the implementation of differentiated learning in Hindu Religious Education and Budi Pekerti subjects at Senior High School 4 Mataram by adopting the Catur paramita approach which comes from the concept of Hinduism. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The collected data were then analyzed through the process of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on this research, differentiated learning in Hindu Religious Education and Budi Pekerti subjects at SMAN 4 Mataram which is applied to the aspects of process differentiation and product differentiation can maintain student motivation, concentration and learning focus. Through the implementation of differentiated learning with the implementation of the values of catur paramita teachings, the learning process can be more effective.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Wayan Rudiarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Segara Kerthi Concept as A Source for Developing Educational Games in Pererenan Village
The development of educational games has become an increasingly important focus in efforts to improve access and quality of education in various regions, including in rural areas such as Pererenan Village. In this context, the Segara Kerthi concept, which describes the management of the marine environment to maintain sustainability, serves as a valuable source of inspiration. This study aims to explore how the Segara Kerthi concept can be utilized as a foundation for developing an educational game that promotes environmental awareness and supports local values, as well as to analyze the role of the game as a medium of communication. The method used in this research is research and development (R&D) with a media function theory approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, evaluation, and literature studies. The research resulted in the development of a game titled Segara Watch, which provides an interactive and enjoyable learning experience to introduce knowledge and skills related to marine environmental management and sustainable cleanliness. This game is aligned with the Pererenan Gumi Lestari village motto and supports the vision and mission of the Governor of Bali, I Wayan Koster, Nangun Sat Kerthi Loka Bali.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Wiradnyana, I Wayan Suwadnyana, I Putu Adi Saskara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Panca Siksaning Angaji for Strengthening Character Education in the Concept of Ethnopedagogy Based on Balinese Local Wisdom
Adapting and internalizing concepts in local wisdom is very important to strengthen the character of students, in the midst of the onslaught of juvenile delinquency. One of the concepts of Balinese local wisdom in the aspect of education is the concept of Panca Siksaning Angaji. This concept is not only a learning model, but contains social, cultural, and spiritual values and is ideal to be internalized in character building. Based on this, this study aims to analyze the importance of the concept of the panca siksaning angaji in strengthening character education for students. The analysis was carried out with a qualitative research approach to literature review, based on relevant Balinese literature. Based on the results of the research, the panca siksaning angaji consist of the aspects of gugu, teleb, inget, wiweka and laksana. Gugu is interpreted as the process of initiating confidence in students, Teleb instills the principle of seriousness, Inget means strengthening the understanding of character values, Wiweka applies critical and creative thinking, and Laksana means the application of character values in students' daily lives. The five interrelated parts strengthen character education based on local Balinese wisdom, and ideally can be internalized in students who are integrated into the daily learning process. This research can help increase insight into the importance of character education based on local wisdom, especially Balinese culture, to form a superior and characterful young generation in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Wayan Agus Gunada, Ni Nyoman Harnika; Ni Wayan Ria Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Kearifan Lokal dalam Mewujudkan Sekolah Ramah Anak bagi Siswa dari Keluarga Miskin Ekstrem di Balikpapan
Balikpapan, as one of the important cities in East Kalimantan, has a wealth of culture and local values ​​originating from various tribes such as Bugis, Banjar, Dayak, Javanese, and others. The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the conditions of the implementation of child-friendly schools (SRA) for extremely poor students of junior high schools in Balikpapan City, and (2) local wisdom of Child Friendly Schools in Balikpapan. This type of quantitative description research, with the research period starting from March 2024 to June 2024. The population in this study were all junior high schools in Balikpapan City, the sample of this study was SMPN 2 Balikpapan, SMPN 4 Balikpapan, SMPN 8 Balikpapan, and SMPN 22 Balikpapan. Data collection techniques based on interviews and documentation in the form of questionnaires. The data analysis technique uses a survey method by changing raw data from the survey questionnaire into meaningful information that can be used for decision making. This involves various steps, from data cleaning, statistical analysis, to data visualization to present the research results more clearly. The research results show that (1) the implementation of child-friendly schools for extremely poor students at Balikpapan Middle Schools was carried out well through a safe environment, mental health and students' cognitive abilities, and (2) the level of local wisdom at Balikpapan Middle Schools was well integrated into learning activities. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve understanding of local cultural content, the lack of local wisdom-based learning media, and the increasingly dominant influence of foreign culture, with the need to improve content on local wisdom of child-friendly schools so that extreme poor students can maintain their mental health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sugianto Sugianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Teologi Kontekstual dalam Ekspresi Sakral Tari Rejang Keraman di Bali
Rejang Keraman dance is part of the wali (sacred) dance tradition within Hindu rituals in Bali, commonly performed during religious ceremonies. Unlike other forms of wali dance, Rejang Keraman may be performed by both men and women and symbolically represents the manifestation of sacred feminine energy. However, scholarly studies on Rejang Keraman have primarily focused on its aesthetic and cultural dimensions, while theological approaches remain rare. This research addresses that gap by offering a novel theological analysis of the dance. The study aims to explore Rejang Keraman as a theological expression within the local context of Balinese Hinduism. The research was conducted in Kedis Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency, where the dance is a vital component of the Pujawali (temple anniversary) ceremony at the village temple. A qualitative method was employed, utilizing participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. Applying a contextual theological approach, the study interprets how Hindu religious values are practiced and understood dynamically within the framework of local culture. The findings reveal that Rejang Keraman functions not merely as an artistic performance but as a theological medium that bridges the relationship between humans, nature, and the divine. The practice reflects a spirituality that is inclusive and adaptive, offering a pathway for developing a contextual Hindu theology rooted in local traditions. The study recommends the preservation and reinterpretation of sacred local rituals as an essential foundation for formulating Hindu theological perspectives relevant to contemporary social dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Ayu Desy Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Sekolah Ramah Anak Dalam Penguatan Kearifan Lokal Bagi Siswa Miskin Ekstrem Sekolah Dasar di Balikpapan
Child-Friendly Schools in Balikpapan currently have not yet built local wisdom for their students, especially in the context of education and daily life. This local wisdom can be utilized as a culture-based approach to support them socially, emotionally, and practically. The objectives of this study (1) explain the form of involvement of parents and school committees in the local wisdom of Child-Friendly Schools (SRA); and (2) explain the experiences of extremely poor students (SME) regarding the comfort of learning motivation. The subjects of the study were selected from extremely poor students in Elementary Schools (SD) in Balikpapan, together with teachers, principals, and parent representatives. This type of research refers to qualitative research. The sample was determined purposively, namely SDN 001 Balikpapan Timur, SDN 002 Balikpapan Selatan, SDN 001 Balikpapan Kota, SDN 004 Balikpapan Barat, SDN 009 Balikpapan Utara, and SD Kumala Bhayangkari. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and principals, observations of classroom learning habits, and analysis of related documents. Data were analyzed inductively, with a theoretical basis of phenomenology to understand subjective experiences, ethnography for cultural context, and discourse analysis for language interpretation. The main result is that child-friendly school education can build local wisdom in extremely poor students. In conclusion (1) child-friendly school learning for Extreme Poor Students requires support from parents, committees and services to help their stability, emotions and mentality; and (2) improving learning outcomes, individual approaches, social assistance and strengthening teacher motivation are effective strategies to improve student experiences related to motivation for learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Casmudi Casmudi, Prita Indriawati, Rahayu Sri Waskitoningtyas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reinterpretasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Adat dalam Konstruksi Hukum CSR Labda Pencingkreman Desa Berbasis Tri Hita Karana
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) models in national legal frameworks are often procedural and market-driven, overlooking community-based practices rooted in local values and customary institutions. This study aims to reconstruct an indigenous CSR model by examining the Labda Pencingkreman Desa (LPD), a village-owned financial institution in Bali, through the philosophical framework of Tri Hita Karana. The research adopts a qualitative interpretive approach, combining legal ethnography and normative legal analysis. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document review in Selat Nyuhan Customary Village, Bangli. Findings indicate that CSR in the LPD context is not philanthropic or voluntary, but a collective social and spiritual obligation embedded in awig-awig (customary law) and enacted through village assemblies (paruman). CSR is operationalized across three dimensions: religious support (parhyangan), social welfare programs (pawongan), and environmental conservation (palemahan), all aligned with the values of Tri Hita Karana. The study concludes that customary institutions can serve as legitimate actors in implementing culturally grounded CSR. It recommends the development of a hybrid social accountability model that bridges customary norms and formal governance mechanisms to support sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gede Yoga Satrya Wibawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kala Tatwa Dan Realisasinya Terhadap Keberagamaan Masyarakat Hindu Di Bali
Bhatara Kala is commonly perceived by the general public as a terrifying, evil, and monstrous figure. However, according to the Kala Tatwa palm-leaf manuscript, Bhatara Kala is the son of Bhatara Siwa and Bhatari Giri Putri, symbolizing the manifestation of the Panca Maha Bhuta (Akasa, Apah, Teja, Bayu, Pertiwi), representing both time and cosmic energy. This study aims to deepen faith (sradha) and devotion (bhakti) to the Supreme God, and to understand the concept of kala (time) and its realization within the religious practices of the Balinese Hindu community. The research adopts a semi-literature and field-based approach, utilizing data collection methods such as observation, hermeneutics, literature review, document study, and data analysis through reduction, textual criticism, and data presentation techniques. The findings reveal that Bhatara Kala is interpreted as a symbol of time and energy that governs all existence and cannot be stopped. In Balinese Hindu belief, time is sacred and serves as the foundation for determining auspicious days (dewasa ayu) for performing religious rituals, such as Dewa Yadnya, Manusa Yadnya, Rsi Yadnya, Pitra Yadnya, and Bhuta Yadnya. The belief in Bhatara Kala reflects the community’s profound understanding of time, space, and transformation (Desa, Kala, Patra), ensuring that every spiritual activity aligns harmoniously with cosmic rhythms and the natural world.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gede Rai Parsua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sistem Pemujaan Soroh Nyuwung Di Desa Abianbase Kabupaten Gianyar
This research discusses one Soroh (lineage group) in Abianbase Village, Gianyar Regency, which has a different worship system compared to other Sorohs in Bali. Therefore, this study aims to map the subsystems that form part of a complete worship system. These include the beliefs held by Soroh Nyuwung, the presence of the Dukuh figure as a religious leader for Soroh Nyuwung, and the structuring of sacred places that serve as media for worship for Soroh Nyuwung in Abianbase Village, Gianyar Regency. This research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data was obtained through observation at the location, interviews with religious leaders of Soroh Nyuwung, and document studies in the form of copies of the Soroh Nyuwung inscription which contains the rules of life for Soroh Nyuwung. The data was analyzed through data reduction, classification, and display processes, as well as conclusion drawing and verification, ultimately being presented descriptively and narratively. The research results show that the Soroh Nyuwung worship system contains three subsystems: belief in Hyang Sinuhun Kidul, who for Soroh Nyuwung is closely affiliated with Bhatara Brahma and is believed to be the ancestor who created the descendants of Soroh Nyuwung. Furthermore, there is the existence of a figure titled Dukuh as the sole leader in every ceremony. Dukuhs are stratified into two types: Dukuh Pengarep and Dukuh Pengabih. There are also sacred places or places of worship for Sang Hyang Sinuhun Kidul called Gedong Sinapa, located in Pura Panti and Sanggah Pamerajan, which are known to have existed since ancient Balinese times. These three subsystems synergize to form a rigid system, creating a systemic pattern of worship by Soroh Nyuwung towards the entity they sanctify, namely Sang Hyang Sinuhun Kidul.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hari Harsananda, I Nyoman Yoga Segara, I Wayan Wastawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reform of Inheritance Rights in Balinese Customary Law
Balinese customary law as a living law system plays a crucial role in maintaining spiritual and social harmony among Balinese society. Inheritance regulations embedded in traditional awig-awig were initially patriarchal and often failed to accommodate the inheritance rights of women and adopted children. This study focuses on how the values of Dharmaśāstra are harmonized with the inheritance provisions of desa adat awig-awig in Bali, and to what extent this reformulation embodies substantive justice and the contemporary relevance of customary law. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, this research analyzes the revised awig-awig in Kerobokan, Sidemen, and Gunaksa. The findings reveal a significant transformation, acknowledging women’s and adopted children’s inheritance rights through the spiritual principle of adhikāra and the reinterpretation of putrikā and dattaka concepts. Such reformulation not only strengthens substantive justice but also upholds the sacred values of Dharma. The study recommends inclusive involvement of customary communities and younger generations in reforming customary law to ensure alignment with the demands of contemporary justice, while preserving spiritual and cultural authenticity.This reformulation provides an important model for other customary legal systems in Indonesia to achieve harmony between tradition and modern legal principles, and contributes practically by offering a framework for inclusive and adaptive customary law development at the national level.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Ayu Jatiana Manik Wedanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rekonstruksi Epistemologi Rasionalisme René Descartes dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hindu tentang Hakikat Pengetahuan Di Indonesia
René Descartes’ rationalism emphasizes reason as the primary source of truth through the method of systematic doubt and the principle of cogito ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am”). This approach serves as a fundamental basis for constructing modern knowledge systems that are logical and structured. In contrast, Hindu philosophy offers an alternative view, emphasizing intuitive experience, inner consciousness, and scriptural authority as epistemological foundations. In the context of Indonesia’s growing openness to cross-cultural philosophical dialogue, there is a need to integrate these two approaches to address contemporary challenges of knowledge that are not only rational but also existential and spiritual. This study aims to reconstruct Descartes’ epistemology of rationalism through the lens of Hindu philosophy in order to provide a more holistic understanding of the nature of knowledge. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research examines Descartes’ works alongside key Hindu philosophical texts such as the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita. The findings reveal that while Descartes’ rationalism offers a systematic foundation for epistemology, it is limited in addressing the transcendental dimensions of knowledge. Hindu philosophy complements these limitations by presenting knowledge as a path of inner realization and spiritual insight. Therefore, this reconstruction contributes to the development of a more integrative epistemological framework in Indonesia bridging Western rationalism and Eastern wisdom traditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Faishal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis SWOT Program Banten dan Ulam Pengabenan Perspektif Pendidikan Hindu
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a shift in the implementation of Balinese Hindu cremation ceremonies (ngaben) from traditional domestic practices to crematorium-based services. This transition has weakened the transmission of Hindu religious education values, particularly those conveyed through the making of Banten (offerings) and Ulam (ritual foods). This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the Banten and Ulam preparation program at Balai Banjar Busana, Sibanggede Village, as an innovative effort to preserve ritual practices and support bereaved families. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with local customary leaders, an online questionnaire involving 32 community members, as well as visual documentation and literature review. The analysis reveals that the program's strengths lie in its efficiency and community-based ritual education; its weaknesses include limited resources and learning media; its opportunities encompass cultural economic potential and curricular integration; while its threats involve ritual commercialization and weakening customary authority. This study offers practical contributions through strategies such as digital module development, flexible scheduling, and reinforcement of spiritual values, which can serve as a replicable model for other Hindu communities in preserving cultural traditions and religious education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Made Muliani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Konstruksi Teologis dalam Sistem Pemujaan Śiwa-Buddha di Pura Dasar Buana Amerta Jati Śiwa Buda Desa Tajun
Pura Dasar Buana Amerta Jati Śiwa Buda is a temple built upon the theological values of Śiva and Buddha. The effort to actualize these Śiva-Buddha theological values serves as a concrete manifestation of mahayu-hayuning bhuana (preserving the harmony of nature). The existence of the Śiva-Buddha concept in Tajun Village has raised questions from various parties regarding the theological construction present in the Bali Aga region. This study uses observation, interviews, and documentation studies as data collection methods. A qualitative descriptive method is employed to present the research findings. Based on the results, it was found that Sang Hyang Śiva and Sang Hyang Buddha are regarded as a single entity (ya Buddha ya Śiva) by the people of Tajun Village. Sang Hyang Śiva is worshipped through a pelinggih prasada, while Sang Hyang Buddha is venerated through a pelinggih stupa. The Śiva-Buddha syncretism in Pura Dasar Buana Amerta Jati Śiwa Buda has shaped the religious patterns and theological understanding of the Tajun community. A society that once viewed rwa-bhineda (duality) as something dichotomous now perceives it as paradoxical. Regardless of the chosen path whether through Śiva or Buddha, it ultimately leads to the same goal. This understanding is essentially aligned with the concept of Saguna Brahman found in Smriti texts. Engaging actively in worship of the Divine does not imply neglecting the social dimension of life, as life must remain balanced between the profane and the sacred. Furthermore, social solidarity must be built upon the principle of tatwamasi in order to be free from personal interest and to offer solutions to human problems. The theological values of Śiva-Buddha that have thus far succeeded in maintaining harmony among religious communities should continue to be preserved at all times.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Wayan Kariarta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Teologi Kerukunan Di Pura Labuhan Aji Kabupaten Buleleng
Religious harmony in Indonesia is an important factor in maintaining national unity. This study attempts to describe the form of interfaith harmony at Labuhan Aji Temple, Buleleng Regency. The harmony between Hindus and Buddhists at Labuhan Aji Temple demonstrates that temples can be a place for interfaith practices through local traditions such as ngayah and the implementation of piodalan days. During piodalan days at Labuhan Aji Temple, not only Hindus carry out ngayah activities. But Buddhists also participate in ngayah preparing infrastructure for piodalan days. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide an understanding that temples, as sacred places for Hinduism, have a space to unite communities of different faiths through the practice of local traditions. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document studies. Based on the data obtained, the results of this study are the implementation of the theology of harmony between Hindus and Buddhists at Labuhan Aji Temple, seen from the palinggih in the temple, some still use lanterns which are Buddhist ornaments and the standing of the Dwi Kwan Im statue. In addition, harmony can be seen on the piodalan day which starts from the ngayah process until during the piodalan, Buddhists wear Balinese traditional clothing and the same offerings as Hindus, such as banten.
Copyright (c) 2025 Komang Heriyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Simbolisme Kakereb Barong Dan Rangda Dalam Upacara Butha Yadnya Di Desa Bitra Gianyar
Kakereb is the veil used for Barong and Rangda, made from a square piece of white cloth measuring 1.2 meters by 1.2 meters. Its uniqueness lies in the sacred inscriptions (rerajahan) written on its surface. These inscriptions contain texts that represent a sacred symbolic system of Shaivite Tantric theology, encompassing the concept of Acintya (the inconceivable aspect of God) as well as sacred characters such as Ongkara and wijaksara. In addition to the textual elements, the kakereb also features symbolic images such as dragons, fire, weapons of the Dewata Nawasanga, and modre letters. The essential meaning behind the kakereb is that God (Shiva) is the essence that is both One and many (Eka-aneka). The One Supreme God (Eka), by His own will, manifests Himself into various deities and even into all that exists (sarwa). The kakereb, in relation to Barong and Rangda, symbolizes a theology of duality. God is glorified with the names Bhatara Shiva and Dewi Uma, who are considered the source, existence, and ultimate purpose of all things in the world. Shiva has a thousand names (sahasra nama), and so does Uma, illustrating the infinite aspects of their divinity. Thus, Balinese Hindus who follow the Shaivite Tantric tradition are not worshipping demons, but are in fact worshipping God through sacred and religious-magical forms such as Barong and Rangda. Although these figures may appear demonic on the surface, they are actually sacred embodiments known as Ratu Bagus and Ratu Ayu.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ida Bagus Gde Yudha Triguna, I Nyoman Kembar Bagiarta, I Nyoman Sudanta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemberian Penghargaan, Kecerdasan Spiritual dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Pendidikan Agama Hindu pada SMA/SMK Bersertifikat Pendidik di Kabupaten Buleleng
Rewarding is one strategy that has been proven effective in increasing work motivation. Rewards can be in the form of verbal appreciation, formal awards, or financial incentives, all of which positively impact motivation. Teachers with high spiritual intelligence tend to deal with pressure and challenges in their work better. This study aims to describe and test the influence of each variable, both direct and indirect relationships of reward, spiritual intelligence, and work motivation, on the performance of Hindu religious education teachers who are certified educators in SMA-SMK Buleleng Regency. This study uses a descriptive-correlational research design. The population of this study was 37 teachers with a total sampling technique. Data analysis used path analysis. The study found that, (1) Descriptively, rewarding is classified as good, teachers' spiritual intelligence is classified as high, and teacher performance is in a good category; (2) Rewarding contributes 25.8% to work motivation; (3) Spiritual Intelligence contributes 15.6% to work motivation, (4) Rewarding contributes around 27.25% to teacher performance; (5) Spiritual Intelligence contributes around 34.35% to teacher performance, (6) The indirect effect of giving awards on teacher performance through work motivation is 19.74% of the total model and (7) The indirect effect of spiritual intelligence on teacher performance through work motivation is 15.35% of the total model. Based on these findings, teacher performance can be formed through giving good awards, spiritual intelligence, and high work motivation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Ketut Sri Kusuma Wardhani, Gusti Ayu Agung Riesa Mahendradhani, Desak Ketut Pramasanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Eksistensi Ritual Tabuh Rah dalam Kehidupan Keagamaan Di Desa Dukuh Kecamatan Kubu Karangasem
Tabuh rah (traditional Balinese music) is a Balinese cultural tradition present in religious activities. Its development has sometimes undergone dynamics, but unlike in Dukuh village, tabuh rah still exists as a religious activity in yadnya ceremonies. To address this issue, a study was conducted aimed at analyzing tabuh rah from a cultural theology perspective. This is because tabuh rah, as part of Balinese culture, reflects a theological dimension. The research employed qualitative research, with data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis revealed that tabuh rah exists for various reasons, including theological, sociological, and cultural reasons. Tabuh rah is typically performed during dewa yadnya and bhuta yadnya ceremonies. Tabuh rah, as a cultural practice with a theological dimension, demonstrates the concept of cultural theology. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that Balinese culture is intertwined with theological aspects, thus presenting the concept of cultural theology. This cultural theology concept can certainly contribute to cultural preservation and strengthen theological understanding.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Wayan Sunampan Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ecological Discourse and Balinese Wisdom in Children’s Literatur
This study addresses the diminishing transmission of traditional ecological knowledge among younger generations by examining how children’s literature can preserve and revitalize indigenous eco-philosophies. Focusing on the Balinese narrative Luh Ayu Manik Mas Nglawan Luu Plastik, the research investigates how environmental values grounded in the Hindu cosmology of Tri Hita Karana emphasizing harmony with the divine (parhyangan), with others (pawongan), and with nature (palemahan) are discursively constructed. Using a qualitative-interpretative method with an ecolinguistic framework informed by Haugen’s (1972) ecological model of language, this study analyzes lexical choices, narrative patterns, and dialogic interactions across three dimensions: ideological, sociological, and biological. The findings reveal that the narrative integrates cultural, spiritual, and environmental elements to construct a holistic ecological discourse, portraying rituals and symbols as tools of eco-theological conservation. The story demonstrates how language encodes ecological ethics while promoting eco-literacy among young readers. These insights highlight the potential of children’s literature to support culturally rooted environmental education and inform curriculum development. The study underscores the importance of incorporating indigenous worldviews into contemporary ecological discourse through education, storytelling, and language.
Copyright (c) 2025 A. A. Pt. Suari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ulah Pati di Bali dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Hindu
Suicide (Ulah pati) is a global public health problem, including in Bali. Bali faces a serious problem related to its high suicide rate, even being recorded as the region with the highest percentage of suicide cases in Indonesia in 2024. This study aims to examine in-depth the issue of suicide in Bali, the Hindu perspective, and to identify potential steps that can be taken from the perspective of Hindu Sociology. This research is a qualitative study with a literature review. The data were analyzed and presented in a descriptive form. The research findings indicate that Balinese society is fundamentally shaped by deeply rooted cultural and religious values, yet potential psychological vulnerabilities may occur in individuals triggered by internal and external factors of the perpetrators who are also the victims of suicide. The general view of Hinduism opposes suicide, although there are exceptions or more lenient interpretations under certain conditions, including Sati, Prayopavesa, and self-sacrifice in emergencies. As Durkheim argues, the suicide rate is a social fact, not merely an individual one, which means that suicide is influenced by other social facts, so the prevention of Ulah pati requires a holistic effort from all elements, including individuals, families, and the community.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Ketut Wardana Yasa , I Nyoman Surpa Adisastra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transformative Integration of Interdisciplinary Knowledge and Ogoh-Ogoh Symbolism in Cultivating Social Harmony in Mataram
Mataram City, as the center of religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity in West Nusa Tenggara Province, presents its challenges in building inclusive and sustainable social harmony. One of the symbols of local culture that plays a role in maintaining this harmony is Ogoh-Ogoh, which, although it originated from Hindu religious traditions, has now become a space for cross-identity interaction. This research aims to examine how Ogoh-Ogoh symbolism is understood and interpreted in the context of a multicultural society, as well as its contribution to the formation of harmony between religious communities. The method used is qualitative with an interdisciplinary approach, combining insights from cultural anthropology, social psychology, and religious studies. Data was obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and community discussions, then analyzed using thematic coding techniques. The results of the study show that Ogoh-Ogoh has undergone a transformation in meaning, from a religious symbol to a means of social education that is able to build a collective awareness of the importance of tolerance and togetherness. The participation of interfaith communities in the Ogoh-Ogoh tradition strengthens social cohesion and shows the potential of local culture as an integrative medium. However, there is still resistance from conservative groups who view Ogoh-Ogoh exclusively, so an interdisciplinary, inclusive, and participatory approach is needed in the management of this cultural symbol. This study concludes that Ogoh-Ogoh is a dynamic symbol that can make a real contribution to strengthening social harmony if interpreted openly and across identity boundaries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Luh Sinar Ayu Ratnadewi, Ida Bagus Alit Arta Wiguna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penguatan Toleransi Melalui Kampung Moderasi Beragama Untuk Membangun Ketahanan Ideologi Pancasila Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Diversity in society, whether in terms of religion, language, ethnicity, tribe, and so on, is an unavoidable fact, especially for the Indonesian people. Therefore, this diversity must be managed and accommodated effectively to prevent it from becoming a threat that could lead to vertical or horizontal conflict. This research aims to. 1) finding out the pattern of strengthening tolerance in religious moderation villages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, 2) finding out local actors involved in strengthening tolerance in religious moderation villages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and 3) finding out the implications for the resilience of Pancasila ideology in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method. The data collection technique in this study used in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The data validity test used was data triangulation, and the triangulation of data analysis methods and techniques used was interactive data analysis. The results of the study show that the pattern of strengthening religious tolerance is carried out by the village government in collaboration with religious leaders and community leaders by organizing Pancasila birthday gadgets (June 1), regular interfaith dialogues, and involving religious leaders in various activities. Local actors involved in strengthening tolerance in religious moderation villages are village heads, hamlet heads, religious leaders, community leaders, and youth leaders. Strengthening tolerance through religious moderation in villages has implications for increasing the resilience of Pancasila ideology in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, considering that the religious level of the community is increasing, and the harmony of life between religious people increases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abd. Mu’id Aris Shofa, Mifdal Zusron Alfaqih, Alfian Fawaidil Wafa, Pipit Widiatmaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrasi Tri Hita Karana Dalam Manajemen Kurikulum Pada Pengelolaan Pendidikan Paud Hindu di Kota Mataram
This study aims to examine the application of the Tri Hita Karana concept in the management of Hindu Early Childhood Education curricula in Mataram City. The background is grounded in the need to holistically integrate local wisdom and spiritual values into early education. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with teachers, school administrators, and parents, and documentary analysis of five selected Hindu institutions. The findings indicate that the three dimensions of Tri Hita Karana Parahyangan (spiritual), Pawongan (social), and Palemahan (environmental) have been systematically integrated into the curriculum structure, learning activities, and assessment practices. This integration strengthens the formation of children’s character in alignment with character education theory and ecological child development frameworks. Key enabling factors include active family involvement, support from local cultural communities, and visionary leadership among teachers. Identified challenges include limited material resources, insufficient specialized teacher training, and national regulations that remain inadequately adaptive. This research provides empirical evidence and proposes a practical model for integrating Tri Hita Karana, offering a pathway for harmonizing national education policies with local cultural values. It contributes to the expanding literature on value-based local education and opens opportunities for developing teacher training modules on Tri Hita Karana, as well as strengthening networks for cultural-educational collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Made Ardika Yasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0