Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu with eISSN: 2579-9843 publish by Jayapangus Press, particularly focuses on Hinduism and Culture Studies. Scope Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu : Hinduism Education, Hinduism Religious Literatures, Hindu Primary School Studies, Hindu Preschool Studies, Hinduism Communication Studies, Hindu Laws, Yoga Studies, Hinduism Philosophy, Hinduism Theology, Religious Tourism Studies, Religious Moderation, Local Wisdom, Cultural Studies.
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Hibriditas Mistisisme Islam dan Hindu dalam Konsep Ingsun Pada Serat Wirid Hidayat Jati Karya Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsita
This study is based on the observation that Javanese mystical literature embodies a complex cross-cultural dialogue that has not yet been fully examined through contemporary theoretical frameworks. One of the central concepts within this tradition is Ingsun, as articulated in Wirid Hidayat Jati by Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsita, which is closely related to reflections on the essence of the self and mystical relationship. This study aims to uncover the cultural elements that influence the existence of the concept of Ingsun in Javanese mystical teachings, particularly in Serat Wirid Hidayat Jati. The method of philosophical hermeneutics is employed in this research by positioning the concept of Ingsun in Serat Wirid Hidayat Jati as the material object, while hybridity theory serves as the formal object. The findings reveal several important points. First, hybridity theory explains the emergence of new identities through cross-cultural encounters within a liminal or in-between space. Second, Wirid Hidayat Jati represents a Javanese literary work that emerges from the liminal cultural sphere of the priyayi, who sought to preserve Hindu-Javanese heritage while simultaneously absorbing Islam as the state religion of Mataram Islam. Third, the concept of Ingsun constitutes the core of Kejawen mysticism, formed through the hybridity between Hindu-Javanese teachings and Islamic Sufism. This hybridity reflects an integrative effort to synthesize Hindu-Javanese and Islamic spirituality into a unified mystical vision emphasizing the essential unity between humanity and God.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Abraham Ziswan Suryosumunar, Arqom Kuswanjono, Mustofa Anshori Lidinillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Value and Role of Religious Education in the Structure of the Educational Curriculum to Strengthen Character Education and Social Cohesion
The research aims to analyze the role of religious education in shaping the character of students oriented toward strengthening social cohesion. Plurality is a characteristic of Indonesian society, which carries the potential for social capital, but it also has the potential to trigger horizontal conflicts. The research focuses on how religious education plays a role in the formation of individual student character as a foundation for strengthening social harmony and cohesion. The research uses a qualitative approach grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology. The study’s findings show that religious education, integrated into the national curriculum, plays an important role in internalizing religious values in the educational process. This integration is not only a ritual aspect but also forms religious awareness, manifested in students’ daily religious attitudes and behaviors as agents of change in society. In the context of diversity, inclusive religious education will equip individual awareness with moral maturity, especially to appreciate differences. As a result, a strong religious character among students will lay the foundation for tolerance and the strengthening of social ties in Indonesian society. These findings may explain that religious education serves as a central instrument for strengthening national integration. This study is expected to serve as a theoretical reference for the development of future education and research policies, especially regarding socio-cultural dynamics in Indonesia, confirming that the maturity of an inclusive religious character is the key to maintaining the stability of the pluralistic Indonesian nation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Sudewi Budhawati; I Wayan Agus Gunada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Agensi Digital Generasi Z dalam Transformasi Narasi Sejarah
Cultural heritage preservation in the digital era faces the challenge of relevance to the younger generation, who tend to have different interaction patterns with conventional historical narratives. This study aims to analyze Gen Z's digital agency in transforming historical narratives and their strategies in maintaining the sustainability of cultural heritage preservation through a public history approach. The method used was a qualitative narrative inquiry approach in Metro City, Lampung, focusing on five primary cultural heritage sites. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten purposively selected key informants from heritage communities, participant observation, and documentation of digital content. The results show that Gen Z demonstrates strong agency in deconstructing formal historical narratives into more personal and visual creative content on social media. The conceptual novelty of this study lies in the identification of a "hybrid agency" that successfully bridges static institutional memory into inclusive connective memory. Their participation is not merely a consumption trend but a form of activism that integrates online advocacy with physical conservation actions on the ground. This study contributes to an adaptive youth engagement model that aligns historical values with digital aesthetics as a sustainable cultural heritage preservation strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Yoga Pengestu, Elis Setiawati, Kian Amboro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Resilience of the Hindu Community in Banjarbaru
The existence of religious communities in multicultural societies involves ongoing challenges in maintaining identity, religious practices, and community sustainability, including the Hindu community in Banjarbaru. However, previous studies have predominantly examined spiritual leadership within formal organizational contexts, with limited attention to its role in community-based settings that are closely intertwined with local cultural values. This study aims to analyze the role of spiritual leadership in shaping the resilience of the Hindu community with diverse cultural backgrounds, including Balinese, Javanese, and Dayak traditions associated with Kaharingan. This research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with a key informant, namely I Ketut Ardika, a Hindu religious leader, a member of the Interfaith Harmony Forum (FKUB) of Banjarbaru City, and a Pinandita (temple priest), supported by observation and documentation. Data validity was strengthened through methodological triangulation and source triangulation, as well as member checking conducted in multiple stages. Data were analyzed through an interactive process consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings reveal that spiritual leadership plays a significant role in building community resilience through the internalization of religious values such as Tri Hita Karana, Satyam, Syiwam, and Sundaram, which strengthen harmonious relationships between humans, God, and others. Furthermore, the integration of Hindu teachings with local wisdom creates adaptive religious practices and reinforces collective community identity. Spiritual leadership also functions as a transformative force that enhances social cohesion and the community’s adaptive capacity. In conclusion, the resilience of the Hindu community in Banjarbaru is shaped by value-based spiritual leadership that holistically integrates spiritual, social, and cultural dimensions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lola Malihah, Meiske Claudia, Muzdalifah Muzdalifah, Hastin Umi Anisah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Wawasan Buddhayana Sebagai Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Spiritualitas Rohaniwan Sangha Agung Indonesia
The spiritual life of Buddhists should ideally be based on a deep understanding of universal Buddhist teachings. In the context of Buddhayana, the spiritual life encompasses not only theoretical aspects but also practical appreciation of non-sectarian values, inclusiveness, pluralism, universalism, and belief in Sang Hyang Adi Buddha. This study aims to analyse the factors that make the Buddhayana perspective important in the spiritual practice of Buddhist clergy in the Indonesian Sangha Agung. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation of a number of Buddhist clergy in the Indonesian Sangha Agung environment, then analysed inductively and thematically. The results of the study show that Buddhayana insights play an important role in shaping the personal transformation of clergy, encouraging dynamic and non-sectarian spiritual practices, and strengthening unity in the diversity of the sangha. This study confirms that the Buddhayana perspective is not only understood as a doctrine but also as an ethical conceptual framework that guides the spiritual practice and social role of clergy in a multicultural society. This study contributes academically to the study of contemporary Buddhism, particularly in the development of an integrative, moderate, and contextual model for clergy training.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taridi Taridi, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha Triguna, Euis Dewi Yuliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dinamika Sosiologis Pengelola Lembaga Pendidikan Keagamaan Hindu Pasca Keluarnya Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 2 Tahun 2024 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Widyalaya
The enactment of Regulation of the Minister of Religious Affairs (PMA) Number 2 of 2024 on the Implementation of Widyalaya Education represents a significant policy shift in the governance of Hindu religious education in Indonesia. This regulation encourages the transformation of formal pasraman into widyalaya as general education institutions with a Hindu character that are fully integrated into the national education system. This study aims to analyze the sociological dynamics experienced by the management of Hindu religious educational institutions after the implementation of PMA 2/2024, focusing on institutional integration, changes in managerial roles and functions, and the resulting socio-cultural implications. The research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method at Madyama Widyalaya Jnana Dharma Sastra in Buleleng Regency, Bali. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that PMA 2/2024 has driven governance standardization, strengthened institutional legitimacy, enhanced managerial professionalism, and clarified the position of widyalaya as formal educational institutions equivalent to general schools with religious characteristics. The integration of formal pasraman into widyalaya has improved diploma recognition, access to government support, and public trust. Nevertheless, the transformation also presents adaptation challenges, including curriculum adjustments, increased administrative workloads, limited institutional resources, and social resistance related to changes in institutional identity and internal power relations. In conclusion, PMA 2/2024 constitutes a strategic momentum for the integrative and adaptive transformation of Hindu religious educational institutions. The success of its implementation depends largely on managerial readiness, stakeholder support, and the ability of widyalaya to balance traditional religious values with the bureaucratic demands of modern formal education.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Bagus Andi Purnomo, I Nyoman Ariyoga, Ni Putu Candra Prastya Dewi, Made Devia Paramitha Putera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Model Integrasi Pendidikan Agama Hindu Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Spiritual Regeneratif Di Desa Wisata Gunung Salak Bali
The development of spiritual tourism in Bali faces challenges related to cultural commodification and the desacralization of religious practices due to the increasing economic orientation of tourism activities. This condition highlights the importance of strengthening Hindu religious education values as a foundation for sustainable and regenerative spiritual tourism development. This study aims to analyze the integration model of Hindu religious education in the development of regenerative spiritual tourism in Gunung Salak Tourism Village, Bali. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis involving eight purposively selected informants and were analyzed using thematic analysis supported by source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that Hindu religious education values, particularly Tri Hita Karana, Tat Twam Asi, and Tri Kaya Parisudha are integrated into community spiritual practices, community-based tourism management, and destination governance oriented toward cultural and environmental preservation. The study proposes an integrative model that connects Hindu religious education as a value foundation, community spiritual practices as the basis of tourism experiences, community-based tourism management as the implementation mechanism, and regenerative tourism principles as the framework for destination development. The model contributes to cultural preservation, the strengthening of spiritual awareness, increased community participation, and the social and ecological sustainability of the tourism village. It can be concluded that Hindu religious education plays a strategic role as both a normative and transformative foundation in fostering regenerative spiritual tourism that is harmonious, educational, and sustainable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pradna Lagatama, Nyoman Danendra Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Basir Dalam Sistem Religius-Kosmologis Upacara Tiwah Pada Masyarakat Hindu Kaharingan
Studies on the Tiwah ritual among adherents of Hindu Kaharingan have been widely conducted; however, research specifically examining the role of the Basir (religious leader) in implementing the Tiwah ceremony remains limited. This study aims to analyze the forms, functions, meanings, and roles of the Basir in the execution of the Tiwah ritual. This research employs a qualitative, phenomenological approach, conducted in Palangka Raya City. Data were collected through interviews with six informants, consisting of Basir, customary leaders, and community figures, using a snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model and validated through source triangulation. The findings indicate that Tiwah constitutes a religio-cosmological system enacted through ritual stages that reflect the soul's journey toward Lewu Tatau. Functionally, Tiwah embodies religious, social, aesthetic, and didactic functions, integrated within a ceremony rich in spiritual and social values. The implementation of Tiwah conveys philosophical meanings that affirm the relationship between humans, ancestors, and Ranying Hatala. The Basir plays a crucial role as a ritual leader, sacred mediator, and custodian of cosmological knowledge, ensuring the ritual's continuity and sanctity. The role of the Basir remains recognized amid the currents of modernization, due to their position as active agents of cultural reproduction in sustaining the Hindu Kaharingan religious system. This study confirms that Tiwah is not merely a mortuary ritual but a comprehensive religious system that integrates theological, social, and cosmological dimensions within the life of the Hindu Kaharingan community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Kayun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Konstruksi Perilaku Keagamaan Anak Melalui Interaksi Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Lingkungan Sosial Budaya
Children's religious behavior is an important foundation in the formation of character and morals, which is influenced not only by internal factors, but also by the family environment and socio-cultural surroundings. In a modern context, social and cultural changes demand an understanding of how religious values are constructed from an early age. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles and the socio-cultural environment, as well as the interaction between the two, in shaping children's religious behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data collection was carried out using a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis employed multiple regression to determine the partial and simultaneous effects between variables. The findings show that children's religious behavior is formed and develops through the mutually influential relationship between parenting styles and the surrounding socio-cultural environment. Children raised with a democratic parenting style, accompanied by a religious and open environment, tend to have more moderate and tolerant attitudes, and are able to demonstrate empathy in their daily lives. In addition, the analysis also shows that the interaction between parenting styles and the socio-cultural environment plays a significant role in strengthening the internalization of religious values in children. Children who receive positive support from both aspects demonstrate consistency in practicing religious rituals, have a deeper understanding of religious teachings, and are able to adapt to evolving social dynamics. The novelty of this research lies in its integrative approach, namely by examining the interrelationship between the role of the family, local culture, and modern social dynamics simultaneously in shaping children's religious behavior. Therefore, the interaction between parenting styles and the socio-cultural environment is crucial in strengthening the internalization of religious values in children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heny Perbowosari, I Nyoman Kiriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Uncovering Algorithmic Avidyā in Generative AI
Western-centric AI ethics frameworks currently marginalize Hindu epistemology, triggering an epistemological crisis within spiritual domains. Addressing this, this study operationalizes the Balinese Hindu Catur Pramāṇa framework to empirically audit the Gita-GPT model, aiming to diagnose Algorithmic Avidyā (Algorithmic Ignorance) and formulate mitigation strategies. Using a qualitative epistemological red teaming methodology, 15 adversarial prompts nuanced with Balinese theology were executed, with outputs deductively analyzed against authoritative texts. The results emphatically demonstrate that the system systematically generates Algorithmic Avidyā through four fatal mechanisms. First, at the Śabda layer, the machine actively executes epistemic fabrication and hallucination of sacred verses. Second, at the Pratyakṣa layer, it causes severe context collapse by failing to recognize critical spatial-cultural boundaries (Desa-Kala-Patra). Third, at the Upamāṇa layer, it imposes materialistic comparative fallacies that distort theological analogies. Fourth, at the Anumāṇa layer, it constructs illusions of reasoning entirely devoid of causal spiritual awareness. Consequently, this study concludes that uncalibrated generative AI fundamentally disrupts authentic spiritual mediation, creating a representational hegemony that directly threatens traditional religious authority and erodes Balinese customary law (Dresta). To mitigate these severe ethical impacts and preserve the local religious ecosystem, we strongly advocate for a paradigm shift toward theological sovereignty. This requires constructing an endemic Nusantara Large Language Model, mandating Expert-in-the-Loop governance involving spiritual authorities (Sulinggih), and aligning Reinforcement Learning algorithms explicitly with Dharma principles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gde Wikan Pradnya Dana, Putu Eka Sura Adnyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ngerebeg Nini Sebagai Aktualisasi Memori dan Tindakan Kolektif Masyarakat Desa Silangjana Dalam Habitus Liturgi Agraris
Ngerebeg nini has become an agrarian practice based on the socio-religious beliefs of the people of Silangjana Village, a vertical relationship with Dewi Sri, a horizontal relationship between humans and the universe, as well as other metaphysical elements. The purpose of this research is to provide an explanation regarding the nature of agrarian community actions in rituals. This research applies a qualitative method within the framework of a case study. Data collection triangulation was conducted intensively for 1 month, without any distractions. The focus of the research became more directed because the researchers employed the purposive sampling method, having already determined the informants to be interviewed, starting from the subak leader, subak members, and jro mangku. After the data was collected and accumulated, thematic data analysis was conducted, involving reading, redefinition, reinterpretation, explanation, and conclusion of empirical data synchronized with relevant paradigms. Finally, data validity was applied thru source triangulation techniques, aimed at verifying the redefinition, reinterpretation, and explanation of the research results. Ngerebeg nini as an agricultural-based ritual ceremony performed by the community in Silangjana Village, as well as a representation of agrarian rituals, can be viewed from a theoretical perspective, particularly thru the paradigms of memory and collective action. Ngerebeg nini, from the perspective of habitus, as a manifestation of the mindset and actions of the agrarian community, is consistently carried out due to the system of idea inheritance from one generation to the next. Ngerebeg nini becomes a system of liturgical-based communalism that is generative, due to the legitimacy of Hinduism and social construction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Sanjaya, Putu Subawa, Luh Wantari, Putu Periyasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kajian Ekologi Hindu Dalam Bingkai Teologi Lokal Bali Sebagai Landasan Etika Konservasi Lingkungan
The accelerating degradation of global ecosystems necessitates a paradigm shift in environmental conservation efforts, transcending purely materialistic frameworks. This study aims to construct a theo-ecological framework grounded in Balinese local theology to serve as a philosophical foundation for sustainable nature preservation. Employing a qualitative methodology with a document study approach and in-depth textual analysis, this research examines Tutur Gong Besi, Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad, and Chandogya Upanisad. The findings reveal that Balinese local theology conceptualizes nature as an immanent manifestation of the Divine (Sarvam khalvidam Brahman). Within the text of Tutur Gong Besi, three integrated ecological dimensions are identified: landscape ecology (the sacralization of headwater-downstream zones), agrarian ecology (the sanctification of agricultural spaces and rice fields), and elemental ecology (the Divine permeating the Panca Maha Bhuta). Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that traditional local wisdom concepts—such as Rwa Bhineda, Tri Mandala, Tri Hita Karana, Panca Maha Bhuta, and Sad Kerthi—do not operate in isolation; rather, they synergize to form a progressive hierarchy that constructs a solid ecocentric ethical framework for ecological interactions. This study concludes that Balinese local theology systematically provides a comprehensive Hindu ecological model that transforms conservation from mere technical-secular regulation into an absolute spiritual obligation. This theo-ecological framework proves effective and highly applicable for translation into environmental governance systems, modern public policies, and the strengthening of customary laws (hukum adat) to ensure long-term harmonious relations between the Divine, humanity, and the global environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hari Harsananda, Ida Bagus Putu Adnyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Wacana Kritis Media Online Bali Post Terhadap Isu Sampah Upakara Hindu di Bali
The issue of Hindu ritual waste in Bali has increasingly attracted public attention due to its implications for environmental sustainability, religious practices, and the tourism sector, while also being extensively represented in local media discourse. This study aims to analyze the construction of discourse surrounding Hindu ritual waste in Bali Post online news coverage, identify the representation of social actors, and uncover the underlying ideologies embedded within the reporting practices. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework, which encompasses three dimensions: text, discursive practice, and social practice. The data consist of four Bali Post news articles published in 2025 that discuss Hindu ritual waste in various religious contexts across Bali. The findings reveal that, at the textual level, the news coverage is dominated by persuasive, educational, and solution-oriented language that links religious practices to ecological responsibility. At the level of discursive practice, news sources are primarily drawn from government officials, traditional authorities, and environmental management institutions, resulting in the predominance of official perspectives over those of community members and critical groups. At the level of social practice, the reporting reproduces a discourse of harmony between the preservation of Hindu traditions and environmental management, while reinforcing ideologies of cultural ecologicalization, environmental managerialism, and the normalization of waste-related issues through institutional legitimacy. This study concludes that Bali Post functions not merely as a provider of information but also as a discursive actor that shapes public understanding of the relationship between religion, culture, the environment, and waste management policies in Bali.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Titah Pratyaksa, Niluh Wiwik Eka Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Model Hibrid Tri Pramana dan Bloom's Digital Taxonomy Untuk LMS Pendidikan Agama Hindu Berorientasi HOTS
The development of Learning Management Systems (LMS) oriented toward Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) that integrate local Hindu wisdom remains highly limited, and the digitalization of Hindu religious education in higher education has yet to be supported by a pedagogical framework that synthesizes Hindu epistemology with contemporary learning taxonomies. This study aims to develop, validate, examine the practicality of, and measure the effectiveness of a hybrid pedagogical model that synthesizes Tri Pramana epistemology with Bloom's Digital Taxonomy as the framework of an LMS for Hindu religious education. A Design and Development method employing the ADDIE framework was applied, involving two content experts, two media experts, eight lecturers, and 86 students from the Hindu Religious Education Study Program at IAHN Mpu Kuturan. Data were collected through validation questionnaires, response questionnaires, and HOTS achievement tests, then analyzed using mean scores, percentages, and N-gain. Expert validation indicated that the model was highly valid, with a mean score of 4.50, while the practicality test yielded positive responses from lecturers (91.20%) and students (88.75%), categorized as highly practical. The effectiveness test revealed an increase in mean scores from 52.35 (pretest) to 86.67 (posttest), and classical learning mastery rose from 34.88% to 91.86%. The overall N-gain reached 0.72 (high), with a graduated pattern of C6 Creating (0.80), C5 Evaluating (0.72), and C4 Analyzing (0.64), demonstrating that the greatest improvement aligned with the Anumana Pramana phase. The five-stage reasoning structure of Anumana Pramana, supported by e-portfolio, digital debate forums, and collaborative evaluation rubrics, most effectively cultivated HOTS.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Wira Darma, L. Eka M. Julianingsih P., Gede Agus Jaya Negara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Collaborative Learning Berbasis Catur Paramita Terhadap Pemahaman Mahasiswa Pada Teks Geguritan
Geguritan, as an integral part of Balinese literature taught in higher education, plays a strategic role in preserving identity and passing down noble cultural values to the younger generation. However, based on observations conducted on students of the Balinese Language and Religious Literature Education Study Program, it was found that student understanding of the meanings embedded within geguritan texts remains relatively low. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing a catur paramita-based collaborative learning model in improving students' comprehension of geguritan texts. This study employed a quantitative method with a Pre-Experimental Design, conducted on sixth-semester students as research subjects. The results demonstrated that the average pre-test score of 75.00 increased to an average post-test score of 88.00. Furthermore, the hypothesis testing using a paired sample t-test yielded a significance value of (p<0.001). In conclusion, the implementation of catur paramita-based collaborative learning is effective in enhancing students' understanding of the meanings contained in geguritan texts.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Agung Rai Jayawangsa, I Wayan Juliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Konstruksi Nilai Edukatif Dalam Ritual Nyapuh Leger Berdasarkan Landasan Pendidikan Hindu
Nyapuh Leger is a sacred ritual in Balinese Hindu tradition that serves not only as a purification ceremony but also as a medium for transmitting educational values grounded in local wisdom. However, modernization has gradually diminished younger generations’ understanding of the ritual's philosophical meaning and educational significance. This study aims to analyze the construction of educational values embedded in the Nyapuh Leger ritual from the perspective of the foundations of Hindu education. This study employed a qualitative research design with a descriptive approach. Research participants were selected using purposive sampling and included sulinggih (Hindu priests), dalang (traditional puppeteers), religious leaders, academics, organizing committee members, and ritual participants. The study utilized both primary data obtained from informants and secondary data derived from documents, photographs, scholarly publications, and other relevant literature. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review. Data analysis followed an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, verification, and conclusion drawing, while data trustworthiness was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that the Nyapuh Leger ritual embodies educational values encompassing spiritual, ethical and moral, social, cultural, and religious character dimensions. These values are internalized through self-purification practices, the implementation of Tri Kaya Parisudha teachings, the tradition of ngayah (voluntary communal service), the preservation of the Wayang Nyapuh Leger performance tradition, and the integration of the Hindu teachings of tattwa, susila, and acara. Consequently, the ritual functions as a form of non-formal education that strengthens spiritual awareness, religious character, cultural identity, and the development of Hindu education based on local wisdom in the contemporary era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Gatriyani, I Wayan Jatiyasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengembangan Dan Uji Efektivitas Perangkat Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta Perspektif Hindu Dengan Sistem Rekomendasi Berbasis Deep Learning
This study developed and tested a Hindu-perspective Love-Based Curriculum (KBC) learning toolkit, combined with a deep learning-based adaptive recommendation system prototype to enhance students' internalization of affective values ​​and cognitive mastery. The objectives of the study were to design, validate, and test the effectiveness of the toolkit (syllabus, lesson plans, thematic modules, assessment instruments) and to assess the technical performance and pedagogical relevance of the recommendation prototype. The research method combined R&D (the ADDIE framework and Borg and Gall) with a design-based research approach. Evaluation included expert validation, pilot testing, system log analysis, qualitative data (interviews, observations), and a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest effectiveness test (experimental and control groups, n≈30 each). The main results: the toolkit was deemed content valid (mean ICVI = 0.86; SCVI = 0.92) and reliable (Cronbach's α = 0.82); the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive and affective outcomes compared to the control group (p < 0.01; Cohen's d ≈ 0.65). The deep learning prototype achieved practical performance (AUC ≈ 0.74; adequate precision/recall), and recommendation relevance positively correlated with improved learning outcomes. Qualitative findings explain the mechanisms of change: structured experiences, cross-perspective value dialogue, and adaptive feedback drive the transfer of values ​​into action. In conclusion, integrating KBC contextualized within Hindu tradition and adaptive technology can serve as an operational model for higher religious education, with the caveat that faculty training, infrastructure improvements, and strengthening data ethics policies are needed for further scale-up.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gede Agus Jaya Negara, I Wayan Wira Darma, L. Eka M. Julianingsih P. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This study examines the articulation of Islamic and Hindu theological concepts in the Smarāgamā, a Balinese lontar manuscript that reflects interreligious encounters in pre-modern Bali. While previous studies on Hindu-Muslim relations in Bali have largely focused on sociological practices and cultural coexistence, the theological and textual dimensions of these encounters remain critically underexplored. Drawing on the scholarly transliteration and translation edition by Manuaba et al., (2017) as its primary source, this research employs qualitative textual and contextual analysis to investigate how key Islamic concepts, Allah, makrifat, and hakikat are systematically articulated within a Hindu Śaiva metaphysical framework. The findings reveal that Smarāgamā does not position Islam and Hinduism as competing systems; rather, it constructs a dialogical theological framework in which Islamic Sufi epistemology and Hindu Śaiva metaphysics converge through shared principles of tattwa eka (divine unity), spiritual knowledge, and ethical discipline. Four principal findings emerge from this study: first, the text constructs a shared metaphysical ground between Hyang Widhi and Allah as expressions of the same transcendent reality; second, the Islamic Sufi concepts of makrifat, hakikat, and nur function as epistemological bridges connecting Islamic and Hindu spiritual traditions through analogical rather than identical relationships; third, the text develops an interreligious cosmology through the internalization of Mecca as inner sacred geography and the embodiment of the Islamic prophetic tradition within the Hindu microcosmic understanding of the human body and fourth, the text foregrounds ethical conduct and inner purification as universal prerequisites for divine knowledge, transcending formal religious boundaries. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Smarāgamā represents a localized yet intellectually sophisticated model of dialogical theology, organically emerging from within the Hindu Śaiva tradition of Bali, evidence that inclusive and dialogical interreligious perspectives have deep historical roots in Balinese intellectual heritage, with meaningful implications for comparative theology and interreligious studies in the Indonesian context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam Saitya, Lalu Usman Ali, Mawardi Saleh, Made Wahyu Mahendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Government Needs and Strategies in the Provision of Hindu Religious Education Teachers
Hindu religious learning in schools is highly dependent on the availability of adequate educators-likewise, implementing Hindu religious learning in schools in Central Lombok Regency. Hinduism is a minority, but the Central Lombok Regency Government has tried to provide Hindu teachers in schools. So, in-depth, the purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the needs and strategies of the government in providing Hindu educators in schools in Central Lombok Regency. The research used a qualitative method with a multisite case study approach in Central Lombok Regency. Interview and document analysis techniques are applied to collect data, and data is analyzed through reduction, data display, and data verification. Based on the findings on the research site, the need for Hindu religious educators in schools adjusts to the number of students. To get around the need for Hindu religious education teachers, the government got around it by combining Hindu students in several schools that were close in terms of domicile to the students. The government’s strategic step in providing Hindu teachers is through the submission of the formation of the selection of state civil servants to the Central Government and the distribution of teachers in schools so that the teaching load is evenly distributed. The findings explain that the Central Lombok Regency government is committed to providing decent access to education for all students, especially regarding religious harmony. This research is expected to be a literature study analyzing the needs of Hindu religious teachers in Indonesia and become a policy recommendation for relevant research in the future.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Intaran, I Wayan Agus Gunada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Peran Dukun Pandita Pada Ritual Kasada Umat Hindu di Tengger Jawa Timur
The Yadnya Kasada ritual is a religio-cultural tradition of the Tengger Hindu community that has endured despite modernization, cultural commodification, and the growth of tourism. Previous studies on Yadnya Kasada have primarily focused on its ritual symbolism and cosmological dimensions, while limited attention has been given to the role of the Dukun Pandita as a social actor in the reproduction of religious and cultural authority. This study aims to analyze the role of the Dukun Pandita and their cultural practices in the Yadnya Kasada ritual through the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Social Practice. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive-narrative approach. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving Dukun Pandita, traditional leaders, religious leaders, village elders, and members of the Tengger community selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with triangulation applied to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that the Dukun Pandita serves as a ritual leader, spiritual mediator, guardian of tradition, agent of cultural reproduction, and promoter of social cohesion within the Tengger community. These practices are shaped through the interaction of habitus, cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital, and the religious field, resulting in religious legitimacy grounded in community recognition rather than formal authority or economic capital. The Yadnya Kasada ritual also functions as a mechanism for reproducing cultural identity and as a space for negotiating between local traditions and modernity. This study concludes that the Dukun Pandita is a strategic actor in sustaining the Kasada tradition through the reproduction of symbolic authority and the intergenerational transmission of sacred knowledge. These findings contribute to the sociology of religion and culture by affirming the Dukun Pandita as an agent of social practice in preserving the cultural identity of the Tengger community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komang Agus Darmayoga Kantina, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Yudha Pramiswara, Putu Mardika, Roni Han Wasisto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0